Impact des big data sur la santé.

E-Business

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Stanislas SMIALEK

BFS5 Paris

Introduction

As in all areas of our daily life, medicine has adapted to the digital revolution of recent years. Telemedicine or Medicine 2.0, as it may be called because  it emerged with the internet tool. It was first defined and organized on an international level, particularly by the Directives of  the O.M.S. (World Health Organization) in 1997. In France, it was in place  more precisely since the law FPST (Hospital, Patient, Health and Territories), which was voted in 2009. Consultations through telemedicine, remote monitoring or remote expertise, this new form of practses meets modern expectations while providing solutions to recurring problems for years.

With the emergence of these technologies, we have seen the Big Data, which has influenced the health sector and its business.

On this topic, I chose to show how health combined with internet technology have changed the health sector, and then how the Big Data has impacted the business model of health.

1. E-health

Medical consultations, through the use of a communication are developping around the world. Nevertheless, they represent a genuine consultation, requiring the exchange between patient and doctor. Of course, certain diseases, requiring a thorough physical examination, are immediately excluded from the scope of these new forms of medical practices.

However, in a large  majority of cases, they are not only possible but also effective. With the development of new technologies (connected sensor, connected  watch), these "virtual" consultations can also benefit from remote monitoring, including control of some basic tesls such as (blood pressure, heart rate, ...) of the patient.

Based on these technologies and making these modern means of communication, real tools for health policy, medicine is  more effective. It allows to fight against the dangers of medical desertification. In remote rural areas of major medical centers, tele consultation will then allow the physician to diagnose and treat disease which affects patients.

In the worst case, if a physical examination is necessary, it will be done later, but the doctor can then program the analyzes, providing comfort to these patients. Medicine, through this, appears closer to the population and reinforces its role as a social actor in the countryside.

Although progress and developments are still expected in the matter, these tele-consultations already require special training of doctors, especially regarding communication between them and patients. More and more doctors are trained every year to this new way of practice. But it also allows for the entire population to benefit from better trained doctors and better informed about innovations and the latest scientific breakthroughs.

These collaborative tools offered by the virtual medicine and allow better dissemination of knowledge, including recent discoveries. If once, rural doctors were waiting for the publication of an article in a trade magazine to discover new vaccines or the onset of a new disease, doctors, practicing these tele-consultations are now updated in real time.

They may even appeal to a TV expertise to benefit, in real time, opinions of leading specialists in each discipline.

More than just a medical consultation, the practice of medicine through the use of new media, allows anyone to receive the best advice from leading experts, and that, whatever his home.

Many Benefits :^[1]0

The benefits of telemedicine for the patient are many because it allows:

- a better access to care, particularly for isolated or remoted patients, or facing  the lack of nearby health professional

- Better medical care, particularly for patients with chronic disease. A continuous medical monitoring is provided for the patient by the doctor, even during the interval between consultations. The doctor can then act early in the event of significant change in the patient's condition

- A  faster decision, especially in emergency situations that require the use of medical expertise (head trauma, stroke)

- Increase the more often the patient's chances thanks to the management and a more rapid and relevant guidance in the care system

The Benefits for health professionals: 

• It promotes medical practice based on cooperation with other professionals, allowing everyone to better express his skills
• It brings opportunities for new medical organization, particularly in the field of on call Health  services :  on duty and on call hours).

However, these benefits also involve constraints to health professionals, the first being induced modification of medical practice, by managing the relationship "remote" from the patient, or a new organizational process. These aspects are obviously very important and the medical professionals must be accompanied  and the means adapted to allow the healthcare professionals to practice efficiently the act of telemedicine.

The Benefits for the health system :

• It helps to deliver better care
• To give an answer, at least in part, to some issues that health systems face: medical demography, organization of continuity of care, access to care provided to all
• Telemedicine involved the development of medical progress, as well as other therapeutic or clinical innovations. Finally, telemedicine ensures certain benefits while controlling health spending, through efficient use of resources.

1. Big Data

Big Data designates a very voluminous set of data that no conventional database management or information management tool can really work. Indeed, we generate millions of bytes of data every day. These are the information coming from everywhere: messages that we send, videos we publish, climate information, GPS signals, transactional online shopping records and many more. These data are called Big Data or massive volumes of data. Web giants, first among which Yahoo or Google, were the first to deploy this type of technology.

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