British colonial empire = common law

TD anglais

TD 10: exposé

British colonial empire = common law

Common law ≠ civil law (empire colonial français et espagnol)

The guardians

Epigram

Evaluation la 6 eme semaine : short test

Dernière semaine : final test

Invesstissement participation, oral et presentation orale obligatoire

Presentation : groupe de 2 (entre 10 et 12 min), devoir avoir à visual, il faut avoir une problématique, (l’anglais, accent, la prestance, contenu)

Prendre des notes pour l’exposé car ça peu tomber en test

Picture 1 :

Demander à Lena

Picture 2 :

King charles is the head of state (symbolic representation), and head of the church since Henry VIII, head of the nation (values unity protection), head of the common wealth 

Westminster = British parliament (highest source of law), is sovereign: make laws, control, oversight of government (executive), represent citizens

Judges interpret laws -> they create precedents (common law is not very codified) : case law and statute law

The northern Ireland protocol : border between northern Ireland and Britain after brexit

Humza Yousaf : leader of the Scottish national party -> first minister of Scotland he replaced Nicola Sturgeon (problem can cause Ireland independence)

Supreme court of uk : 12 justices

Prime Minister : Rishi Sunak

President of the UE: Ursula Von Leyen

Judges have wigs it’s a tradition it shows uniformity of justice and shows respect to the institution because the justice is in the name of the crown, it was considered at the time that wigs where a form of sanitary protection (like wearing a mask) and a way to prevent bugs (lice) of coming in the head. It shows that justice is superior 

Faire page 7 et preparer la lecon suivante

1: common law

2) defendant

3) victim

4) judgment

5) Jury

6)Judge

7) precedent

8)

9)

10) earing

11) beyond reasonable doubt

12) statutory interpretation

13) burden of proof

14) balance of probabilities

15) Compensation

Séance 2: the constitution

Picture 2: Westminster: house of commons -> make laws, (acts) -> Parliament in Britain has the last word it is sovereign.

(E) = belong

Act of the parliament are the sources of the constitution because it produces legal norms.

Picture 8: constitutional value 1689 because it has a legal value (like the magna carta)

Constitution defines separation of power and the organization of power and protects the value and the rights of the citizens 

Picture 6: William Blackstone define what was common law (1723) commentaries on the laws of England and legal principles. His theories inspired the USA

Picture 9: Lisbon treaty (EU) -> article 50 organize the separation of the country and the UE

Picture 4: the state opening of the parliament, monarch for centuries was the power

Conventions -> principle/tradition practices of the power (royal prerogatives) -> royal assent, opening parliament session, appointing the prime minister is a convention perpetuated

“constitution” is uncodified the constitution is a multiplicity of different sources

Some said that the British constitution is a concept it’s not contained into a document, some say that it is a compliation of legal norms

The format is complicated for the non-British persons, it’s difficult to read the outline is problematic, impression of disorder, legal insecurity

The proof that a constitution is working: democracy, election, separation of power. Advantages: constant evolution with time it adapts and is flexible, they adapt with a legal text or a justice decision

Often a constitution is written when there is a revolution and the change of a regime.

International / national

Ancient sources / recent sources

Written sources / unwritten sources

Legislative source / judiciary sources / executive source / (the monarch’s source)

The supreme court is here to guarantee the rights

English Law = le droit anglais

La loi du Parlement est la principale sur de loi

3 typrs de lois en Angleterre :

• Statute law -> acts
• Case law-> judges
• Customary law -> non written

Case law = jusrisprudence

Exposé 1: How did the evolution of the British lead to parliamentary sovereignty?

Magna carta (1215): King John very tyrannic, symbol of liberty (pas arrestation arbitrary), independence between the church and the king, king can not be above the law.

and bill of rights: consent of taxes and some political decisions, monarch must collaborate with the parliament. Inspired USA bill of rights. King governs with parliament.

• Advantage of parliament

There is also: international law and common law in the constitution and customs.

Essayer d’utiliser le tableau pour les exposés

Exposé 2 : How did the American common law made a remarkable common law trial DEPP vs HEARD

Defamation case regarding accusation of abuse un a news outlet

The case was broadcasted (was not allowed before) -> transparency

Depp lost the case in UK but won in USA

In defamation in the US there is a jury but not in the UK

Burden of proof is for the plaintiff in the US
Burden of proof for defendant in the UK

...