Les liens logiques de la phrase anglaise

Chapitre 7: Les liens logiques de la phrase

I/ Contraste et similarité

A) similarité

1) « Like »:

- + forme nominale

He works in Paris like my brother/ like me.

A flat like yours would be perfect.

Exception: Consider/ regard/ look upon + as

Such as: s’emploie avec une série d’exemples. remplace « Tels que »

2) « As » :

- + forme verbale

As you know, i don’t agree with him

Why don’t you come by bus like me/ as I do

- + groupe prépositionnel

You can’t deal with foreign customers as with French ones.

As in the first chapter, …

As + nom = équivalence = en tant

Like + nom = comparaison

He works as a slave/ like a slave.

B) Contraste

1) Traduction de « contrairement à »

- « unlike » + forme nominale

Unlike John she isn’t efficient.

- « contrary to » + what..

Contrary to what they had announced, …

2) Traduction de « alors que »

-« whereas » /(while)

He is self-employed, whereas his brother is a civil servant.

II) Simultaneité temporelle

While = pendant que

As = alors que/ tandis que, comme, au moment où

As I was jogging, it began to rain.

I saw him as he was coming out.

III) Cause et conséquence

A) La cause

1) Parce que = because

2) Car = for

Don’t send it, for it will be too late.

3) Dans la mesure où = insofar as

Insofar as everyone is concerned, we should all be warned.

4) Etant donné que/ Comme = since/as

Since as I’m under 18, I cannot vote.

B) La conséquence

1) Ainsi = thus (relation de conséquence)

Tell him the truth; thus, he won’t say he didn’t know.

2) Si bien que = « …, so that »

It rained all the afternoon, so that they had to cancel the match.

IV) Le but

A) Même sujet dans 2 propositions

I did that to surprise her

so as to surprise her

in order to surprise her

Attention: but négatif

They decided to cut production so as not to hire/ in order not to/ not to hire new employees.

B) Changement de sujet: so that + modal

1) So that + may/ might (but positif)

+ can/ could

I stayed home with the baby so that my wife could/ might go to the cinema.

2) So that + should (but négatif)

I locked the phone so that he shouldn’t use it.

I warned him so that he should be careful.

V) La supposition et la condition

A) If vs Whether

Si je peux mettre « or not » je mets « whether ».

They can’t tell him whether they will keep him (or not).

B) Condition nécessaire

1) « à condition que » = provided (providing) / so long

2) à moins que/ sauf si = unless

Unless I get the parcel tomorrow, I’ll cancel my order.

VI) Concession

1) Malgré + nom = inspire of/ despite

In spite of the drop in sales, we have made profits.

2) Bien que + verbe = although

although sales have dropped, we have made profits.

3) Cependant/ Pourtant = However/ (And) yet/ Nevertheless

There has been a drop in sales; and yet/ however, we have made profits.

VII) Traduction de « EN + Part. Pst »

1) Manière: by + ing

He earns his living by giving private lessons.

2) Simultaneité : while + ing

She often irons while watching TV.

3) Simultaneité courte (+cause): on + ing

On hearing the news, he fainted.

On setting off the train, he broke his leg.

Chapitre 8 - Le verbe: introduction

I) Deux catégories de verbes

- les verbes ordinaires (avec contenu

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