Les liens logiques de la phrase

Les liens logiques de la phrase

I/ Contraste et similarité

A) similarité

1) « Like »: + forme nominale

He works in Paris like my brother/ like me.

A flat like yours / this one would be perfect.

Exception :

Consider/ regard/ look upon + as

They consider us as their rivals.

Such as : s’emploie avec une série d’exemples, remplace « Tels que »

Several firms, such as IBM and General Motors, are cutting jobs.

2) « As » :

- + forme verbale

As you know, i don’t agree with him

Why don’t you come by bus like me/ as I do

- + groupe prépositionnel

You can’t deal with foreign customers as with French ones.

As in the first chapter, …

As + nom = équivalence = en tant

Like + nom = comparaison

He works as a slave/ like a slave.

B) Contraste

1) Traduction de « contrairement à »

- « unlike » + forme nominale

Unlike John she isn’t efficient.

- « contrary to » + what..

Contrary to what they had announced, …

2) Traduction de « alors que »

-« whereas » /(while)

He is self-employed, whereas his brother is a civil servant.

II) Simultanéité temporelle

While = pendant que

While she was doing her homework, I went shopping.

As = alors que/ tandis que, comme, au moment où

As I was jogging, it began to rain.

I saw him as he was coming out.

(when / as soon as)

We’ll leave as soon as you are ready

III) Cause et conséquence

A) La cause

1) Parce que = because

2) Car = for

Don’t send it, for it will be too late.

3) Dans la mesure où = insofar as (given that)

Insofar as everyone is concerned, we should all be warned.

4) Etant donné que/ Comme = since/as

(Given that)/Since/as I’m under 18, I cannot vote.

As / since I don’t have my car, could you please drive me home ?

B) La conséquence

1) Ainsi = thus (relation de conséquence)

Tell him the truth; thus, he won’t say he didn’t know.

2) Si bien que = « …, so that » (suivit absolument par un tps de l’indicatif)

It rained all the afternoon, so that they had to cancel the match.

His car broke down, so that he arrived late.

IV) Le but

A) Même sujet dans 2 propositions

I did that to surprise her

so as to surprise her

in order to surprise her

Attention : but négatif

They decided to cut production so as not to hire/ in order not to/ not to hire new employees.

B) Changement de sujet: so that + modal

1) So that + may/ might (but positif)

+ can/ could

I stayed home with the baby so that my wife could/ might go to the cinema.

2) So that + should (but négatif)

I locked the phone so that he shouldn’t use it.

I warned him so that he should be careful.

He left quickly so that nobody should ask him questions.

The doctor talked in medical terms, so that I didn’t fully understand. (si bien/ indicatif que dc conséquence)

The doctor talked in medical terms so that I shouldn’t fully understand. (but / afin que modal)

V) La supposition et la condition

A) If vs Whether

(to place an order = passer une commande)

Do you know whether he placed the order (or not) ?

Si je peux mettre « or not » je mets « whether ».

They can’t tell him whether they will keep him (or not).

They don’t know yet whether they’ll keep him (or not).

B) Condition nécessaire

1) « à condition que » = provided (providing) that / so/as long as

You can take my car so long as you bring it back tomorrow.

2) à moins que/ sauf si = unless

Unless

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