Anglais juridique - AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS

COUR 1                                   ANGLAIS JURIDIQUE                                            15/09

US INSTITUTION :

5 semaines :

 Semaines 2, 3 → aller voir les docs sur l’ENT, faire un compte-rendu des documents

Semaine 4 → test bonus sur les document de la semaine 3 (apporter la carte étudiante)

Semaine 5 → test final : une question de cour à laquelle il faut répondre en anglais sous la forme d’une dissertation (max 1 page)

 ACCÉDER AU COUR :

Enseignement → MOODLE → mes cours → L1 → langue → US institutions → clé : 2016DrtUSIGP2

Quelques phrases :

• I’m a student at law school
• He is a lawyer
• I would like to become an attorney
• I am studying law
• I like the criminal law
• I had a scholarship
• He doesn’t have the right to work/ He is not allowed to work

WEEK 1:

The colonial period: XVII / XVIII: 1776 (independence)

Many people come to America and decided to leave their home country for different reasons: they wanted a new start, they maybe were persecuted, and they escape from their lives. These people were European and went to colonies; they were 13 colonies (every one had a governor)

The English were focus on their other colonies they had, and not really to the America’s.

The British law was imported to the USA with emigrants but this law changed due to the specials needs of each colonies and it depends of the time when the emigrants arrived.

Each colony had is own colonial legislature, appropriate to each colony.

The American Revolution happened at a time of tensions between the king of England and colonies because they had to pay taxes even if they already were sending goods, this was injustice for them.

This situation of conflict led to the independence and the war,

The revolution (1776-1781) was encourage by two leaders (Thomas Jefferson and: they were lawyers) who decided two implanted the idea of a Republic, due two the influence of their readings of the French philosophers and more particularly Montesquieu who has written “l’esprit des loi” developed the idea of a republic and the balance of powers.

This war was won by the colonist (the king of England had to give up) and this symbolizes a rupture between USA and Europe.

After this war they needed to organize the country and the first attempted was to create a constitution (it wasn’t a success)

One of the defects was the absence of an executive branch power (this was explain because the colonist feared the executive because their were persecuted by the king of England and because of this they decided to overlook the executive power.

The legislative branch of power had few powers so it was really hard to create laws.

This constitution wasn’t executed because of these lacunas.

The founding fathers who create the USA, they decided to solve problems and to meet at Philadelphia in 1787 and they met at the constitutional convention, they had one goal, it was to fix the article of the constitution, to modifies them in order to find a solution and they had a lot of work because they had to consider different government.

The series of compromises between the thirteen states, they had to find agreements between the big and the small states.

For example the small states were afraid to be forgotten because they were small they wanted the same powers as the big states, and the big states wanted a system of government wanted a system of government depending of the number of inhabitants by states

An other side, tension appears between slave states and free state.

They decided that in the government the legislative power would be based on two chambers, the would be a certain number of representatives by states called “the Congress Men”, they would have a proportional representation, its mean that the number of representative would be based on the number of inhabitants by states.

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