Hedge Funds and Their Strategies
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November 2014
Hedge Funds and Their Strategies
Introduction
Although hedge funds have been around for a very long time, they became popular in the
1980s and notorious during the 1990s. In this note you will find a brief overview of what a
hedge fund is and what their most important investment strategies are.
One could argue that the strategies used by Benjamin Graham in the 1920s, which involved
value investing against a fee, constituted the core of what some hedge funds are doing today.
However, it was in 1949, when Alfred Winslow Jones combined a leveraged long stock
position with a portfolio of stock shorts in an investment fund with an investment fee, that
the first hedge fund was born. Until 1966, there were only a handful of people who had
formed a similar structure in an attempt to optimize market investments. A 1966 article in
Fortune Magazine (“The Jones Nobody Keeps Up With”) pointed out that the best mutual
fund over the previous five years had been Fidelity Trend Fund and that Jones outperformed
it by 44%. Over a 10-year period, Jones had outperformed the Dreyfus Fund (the best 10-year
performer) by 87%, making millionaires out of several of his investors. During the 12 months
that followed the article, more than a hundred hedge funds were set up and a new industry
was born.
What Is a Hedge Fund?
To qualify as a hedge fund, one has to have an investment structure for managing a fee-
based, private, unregistered investment pool. Note that the term “hedge fund” describes an
investment structure and not a strategy. In this sense, a hedge fund is like a mutual fund or a
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