Hooligans définition - (texte en anglais)

1. THE DEFINITION

1.1 Hooligan - Hooligan who engages in acts of violence and vandalism, especially during sporting events. (The Larousse)

1.2 Hooliganism: hooliganism. (The ROBERT)

2. ORIGIN

2.1 ENGLISH have invented almost everything in football: the football, goals, offside and finally hooliganism. It was not their most brilliant find, but it had to meet some inspiration since it was copied everywhere.

3. FACTS

3.1 The Heysel

29 May 85 across Europe held its breath. In the final of the European Cup of Champions Clubs, Liverpool would meet Juventus at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels. A top match between two great football teams and fans, because in the UK and Italian many "fans" clans have a reputation for hooligans.

Upon arrival of the first trains supporters, flights are reported in the vicinity of the railway station in the city center, fights break out. Italian bear pulls out a knife in a fight and hurts an English support

Fifty-eight thousand people crammed into the stadium.

Once the stadium gates were opened tension rose in the Italian clan, the police were attacked, some viewers are seeking to enter the game.

To 19 hours, two gendarmes SSB positioned on the lawn trying to prevent their officers that the British supporters try a breakthrough. The dozen gendarmes that creates a low "buffer zone" between the two hostile groups resists only a first charge of English that fires 19 to 10 h.

The police are soon swept away by the wave. And a second heavy load allows English to invade the Italian forum.

Major Kensier, which is in its "command room" miles away from the stage, beginning to understand the tragedy and gives the order to his reserve squadron to walk to the stadium. Too late, hundreds of Italian fans trying to escape the "red animals" racing down the steps to the lawn. They are crammed against the railings and a concrete wall. Several tons of thrust exerted on those who stifle the forefront. The wall gives the first bodies fall, injuries are trampled.

Seven hundred sixty police are now deployed around the stadium, and two thousand three hundred gendarmes. But it is far too late. Firefighters and rescue workers of the Red Cross are now at work: they shall raise thirty-nine dead and three hundred and seventy wounded.

We still decided to play the game. Juventus wins (1-0) and in the mess, nobody thinks to identify and arrest troublemakers.

A survey will open, with thousands of photos and hours of video recording, Belgian and British police identify thirty suspects. Twenty-five of them will be extradited two years later by the British government. The trial is taking place from October 88 to January 89.

Judgment (heavy 500 pages) sentences 14 Liverpool supporters to 3 years imprisonment suspended for half of the sentence and pays eleven.

3.2 SHEFFIELD

Liverpool fans force entry doors of a tribune to attend the semi-final

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