Système de Gouvernement

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The U.K. System of Government and Brexit

Boris Johnson had suspended the Parliament, but the Supreme Court of England came with a major decision saying that Prime Minister’s decision was unconstitutional.

1. Parliament

In France there’s no Supreme Court and the powers are divided. Parliament has two houses; the Senate is the upper house.

In USA, the powers are coequal, all the same strength of power. Two houses.  

In UK, Parliamentary Supremacy. In the 1640, the king Charles the First and the Parliament went the war. The King lost and was beheaded. Parliament today is now a supreme entity in the national government. He has two houses; the upper house is the House of Lords and the lower one is the House of Commons.

• House of Commons:

• John Bercow is the speaker.
• Writes the legislation

• House of Lords:

• A few hereditary position
• Cleans the legislation

The person who gets the most votes, entire seat and go to its side or part like in 1980s with Margaret Thatcher. “First past the post.”

1. Prime Minister

Historically, he follows the wishes of the monarch until the era of the Georges (since the first to the fourth). Georges III was king during the revolution. It’s at that point that the Prime Minister’s role has been emerging. Now, the monarch is just a figure head. The Queen is the head of the State. The PM is the head of government.  

The PM is chosen by the Queen. It’s just a formality because she’s obliged to choose the lead of the majority part after the elections. Boris Johnson doesn’t have a majority, so he did a coalition, he doesn’t even have a coalition majority.

David Cameron called the Brexit referendum. After, Theresa May she have worked for a deal between EU and UK, but each were rejected. She failed and resigned. That’s when Boris Johnson emerged. He was the former secretary, he started in July 2019. Normally, the PM controls the whips

1. Supreme Court

In UK, there’s only a Supreme Court, they don’t break up what happens on top of the legal system. 600 years ago, Law Lords in the House. 2005, Constitutional Form Act: Law Lords moved out.

Lady Hale is the President of Supreme Court. A typical judge has a wig and a robe. The wigs that they were today are borrowed form Louis XIV’s court. Supreme Court’s judges were a different robe only for ceremonies.

Norther Island voted to stay, Scotland too.

Good Friday Agreement brought peace to Northern Ireland

Internal Market: Free movement of people/goods

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