Principaux conflits impliquant les Etats Unis

PRINCIPAUX CONFLITS IMPLIQUANT LES US

2. A l’ETRANGER

WWI

May 7th 1915: sinking of the liner Lusitania by a German submarine (128 American citizen died)

January 1917: sinking of 6 American ships by German submarine + publication of « the Zimmermann note » revealing a secret German plot to persuade Mexico to go to war against the US —> April 6th 1917: President Wilson declare war formally

May 1917: the US navy actively engaged in the protection of convoys across the Atlantic

June 1917: US troops started arriving in France

October 1918: The German chancellor, Prince William of Baden, accepted Wilson’s 14 points (open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, removal of economic barriers between nations, the restitution by Germany of the territories conquered, adjustment of colonial claims, reduction of armaments, and the creation of the League Of Nations)

total : 1 750 000 soldiers in France, 116 000 killed, 234 000 wounded

WWII

December 7th 1941: Japanese showered (déverser) bombs on the Pearl Harbor Naval base in Hawaii —> US declared war on Japon

3 days later: Germany + Italy declared war on the USA

the country turned into the « arsenal of democracy » (mass production of military equipment)

Industry was mobilized to meet the staggering (stupéfiant) production golas set by the President Roosevelt

tons of equipment were sent to Great Britain

4-8 May 1942: Battles of the Coral Sea (prevented Japan from attacking Australia) = Victory US

4-6 June 1942: Battles of Midway (destruction of Japan aircraft carriers (portes-avions)) = Victory US, turning point in the War in Pacific

US air-forces captured the Mariana Islands + Philippines

1943: General Eisenhower started to plan the Operation for the invasion of Europe through France

June 6th 1944: D-Day in Normandy

—> midnight: 57 000 US and 75 000 British and Canadian troops were ashore

—> liberation of France

May 8th (VE Day): Germany capitulated

August 6th: Truman ordered the use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (9th)

—> September 2nd: Japan surrender (VJ Day)

400 000 American soldiers killed

670 000 wounded

15 mi men served in the forces

THE KOREAN WAR : from 1950 to 1953

communist-ruled North Korea invaded South Korea

The UN asked its members to give military aid to South Korea

the USA supplied more than 90% of the troops and military equipments

the UN wanted to push back the aggressors to the 38th parallel

armistice was signed in July 1953

33 000 usa soldiers died

The Gulf War

August 2nd 1990: Sadam Hussen invaded Kuwait

—> gain control of 20% of the world’s oil reserves

—> wipe out the large debt of his country (because of the 1980-1989 Iraq-Iran war)

The United Nations condemned Iraq + requested the the withdrawal of its troops from Kuwait

S. Hussein refused —> January 15th 1991: 9 Arab States + 30 other nations (USA), GB, Fr built a coalition force

January 16th 1991: violent air campaign —> all the Iraqi air eliminated

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