La Silicon Valley, symbole de l'ingéniosité américaine (document en anglais)

Silicon Valley, a symbol of American ingenuity.

I ° DESCRIPTION

Silicon Valley is a center of high-tech industries located south of the San Francisco Bay in California. More than 7,000 high-tech companies are there bringing together more than 2 million scientists, making it one of the richest places on the planet.

It is originally a vast military-industrial complex that at the end of the 2nd World War has turned into multiple companies whose creation was supported by the presence of researchers and technicians. He quickly specialized in computer and other technologies. The nickname "Silicon Valley" also comes from the silicium used in the design of computer chips.

II ° SILICON VALLEY TODAY

Today Silicon Valley is the first technological pole in the world, 7th world power. It represents 20% of the business world information technology (internet, media) ... Valley ranks first in the world in the proportion of people employed in the information technology and communication, to Austin, Texas and Singapore. The unemployment rate is very low (<4.3%) and productivity (patents / products) is increasing. Silicon Valley proves to be a pole so dynamic that works.

It is closely related to several major American universities that allows students to find a job soon after their formation.

In addition, this pole is attractive because it attracts businesses and workers; For example, nearly 5000 French work in the cradle of high-tech, California on the west coast of the United States. A welcome presence in the fields of engineering, design and science.

Such a success attracts talent from everywhere. The population is composed of: a third English-speaking, a third of Hispanics and Asians third. We can therefore question the quality of technicians and scientists who work there. San Jose city that hosts Silicon Valley is the second most cosmopolitan city in the United States behind Miami (36% of residents are foreign-born, excluding non-residents.

A Silicon Valley, it creates 11 new companies every week entrepreneurship, survival of the famous "goldrush" (Gold Rush) U.S. is very much alive.

What attracts companies in Silicon Valley is this closeness that can be found alongside the big names in electronics: HP, the ancestor, without whom nothing would have happened, CISCO giant telecommunications equipment which is 40% of its turnover remotely via Internet SUN Microsystems, a leader in its field, and many others ...

List the qualities of the Silicon Valley at the international level is excessive as this pole is "productive" and attractive.

III) THE LIMITS OF SILICON VALLEY

The growth of Silicon Valley obviously can not continue forever. The past has shown that it can quickly find themselves in a vulnerable position, even if it is ultimately very well in crises because of crashes due to stock and other financial problems which particularly affect the Silicon Valley where all companies are listed. Therefore, the region suffers from major weaknesses:

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