Idea of progress : Is progress always beneficial to our society ?

The troubles

1541: Henry VII, king of England, established English Rules over Ireland. Many rebellions ensued until the 20th century.

1649-1650: Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), an English political leader, established anti-Catholic laws to reinforce English Rule and to put an end to Catholic revolts.

1796: Foundation of the orange order: Protestant fraternal order, the society was formed to maintain the protestant ascendancy in Ireland. During a catholic conflict period, she was formed as a secret society.

1905: Foundation of Sinn Fein: Irish Republican party founded by Arthur Griffith. His goal is to gain independence.

1916: Foundation of the IRA: Irish Republican Army, is any of several paramilitary movements in Ireland. Characterised by the violence employed against Catholics and British population (they believed that political violence was necessary).

1921: Partition of Ireland: The South became an independent Republic; the North remained in the Union (UK).

1969: The troubles: Derry, Battle of the Bogside Royal. The police, backed by loyalist tried to force the protesters, the Apprentice boys (protestants) back

1971: Foundation of the UDA and UFF: Ulster Defence Association, Ulster Freedom Fighters (paramilitary). It was two loyalist organisations, they were responsible of political murder of Catholics and prominent republican.

1971-1976: Escalation of violence (bombing attacks and Hunger strikes)

1972: “Bloody Sunday”: Thirteen Catholic protesters die after being shot by troops from the 1st Battalion the Parachute Regiment following disturbances during a banned civil rights march in Londonderry.

1980-1982: Hunger strikes: it is a method of non-violent resistance. The prisoners put in jail by the IRA launched a Hunger Strikes as a protest against he UK government. (like Bobby Sands) Some prisoners survived without food until 73 days.

1994-1996: Peace Process: August, IRA announced the cessation of military operations, but, in February, there were the resumption of military army because of the bombing attacks.

1998: Good Friday Agreement: It’s a common Agreement between the main political commune in the Northern Ireland to stop civil war.

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