Anglais : Give arguments for legalising human cloning.

Anglais : Give arguments for legalising human cloning.

So I’m going to present you my exposé about human cloning. So first, what’s human cloning?

Cloning is a genetic manipulation which makes possible the transfer of genes from one cell to another. This provides identical living cells from a single cell. In the case of human cloning, we get identical cells from one human cell, and with it, we can reproduce the totality of a human, or just some part of his body like for ex : organs.

There are 2 kinds of human cloning :

• Reproductive cloning is to give birth to a genetically identical individual to another.
• Therapeutic cloning is to clone cells from a patient and use those resulting embryo to recreate the cells, tissues and organs to treat this patient.

So what are the benefits of human cloning? Why should we legalize human cloning?

1. This would allow infertile couples to have a child. The child would have DNA from one of the parent and not DNA of the surrogate mother. This would help many lesbians couples or just single women too because it requires only a nucleus, a cell and no sperm.

There has been this case of cloning with the sheep Dolly.  Scientist removed a nucleus from a sheep with a white face and a cell from a sheep with black face. They fused the cell and the nucleus by electric shock and placed the fused cell in the uterus of a surrogate mother and then, they got Dolly. (5 july 1996) There was a rumor about the birth of a cloned baby within a Raelian sect in 2002. But this is just a rumor because we know anything about the scientific techniques, the baby or the parents.

1. Human cloning may have therapeutic effects, we could clone cells, tissues or organs for patients.

For example, cardiac disease is one of the deadliest diseases on the planet. Scientists believe they can reconstruct a diseased heart by cloning healthy heart cells and injected them into the damaged area of the heart sick. But the most important cells to clone are stem cells. Indeed, these cells have the capacity to differentiate into any human cell and they could replace failing tissues in patients with diseases like tetraplegia or Parkinson's.

In 2005, the researcher Shinya Yamanaka created stem cells from skin cells. Then, in 2013, Shoukhrat Mitalipov and his team have reproduced humans embryonic stem cells, using the same technique to create the sheep Dolly. They fused an oocyte and a skin cell: the fibroblast that had led to embryonic stem cells. And these resulting cells differentiated into various tissues (heart cells, neurons)

1. Someone who has lost a loved one could give him a "second life" by "giving birth" to his clone.

Last year, Laura Jacques and Richard Remde decided to send DNA samples from their dog Dylan in South Korea in a biotechnology company called Sooam Biotech, the only in the world to clone dead dogs from their DNA. And then, after paying 100000 dollards, they got 2 clones of Dylan.

1. Human cloning could be the answer to the eternal quest of man for the secret of eternal youth. The production of cloned tissues would be helpful to prevent people from growing old.

1. Through cloning, we could resurrect extinct species. As in the movie Jurassic Park, we could clone dinosaurs from their fossils, but this is fiction.

Nowadays, with the cloning of Dolly, scientists are more interested in extinct species including mammoths and some frogs.

For the frogs that were kept and frozen for 40 years, the scientists introduced their nucleus in cells and obtained embryos. But these embryos died a few days after. And for the mammooths, it's complicated, no healthy cells were found, but scientists believe that recreating the mammoth DNA from the remaining DNA and insert it into an oocyte is possible.

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