Reseaux Sociaux

Social media

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The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2013)

Diagram depicting the many different types of social media

Social media are computer-mediated tools that allow people to create, share or exchange information, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual communities and networks. Social media is defined as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content."[1] Furthermore, social media depend on mobile and web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals and communities share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between businesses,organizations, communities, and individuals.[2] These changes are the focus of the emerging field of technoself studies.

Social media are different from traditional or industrial media in many ways, including quality,[3] reach, frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence. There are many effects that stem from internet usage. According to Nielsen, internet users continue to spend more time with social media sites than any other type of site. At the same time, the total time spent on social media in the U.S. across PC and mobile devices increased by 99 percent to 121 billion minutes in July 2012 compared to 66 billion minutes in July 2011.[4] For content contributors, the benefits of participating in social media have gone beyond simply social sharing to building reputation and bringing in career opportunities and monetary income, as discussed in Tang, Gu, and Whinston (2012).[5]

In 2014, the largest social network is Facebook and other popular networks include Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Pinterest.[6]

Contents [hide]

1 Classification of social media

1.1 Virality

2 Mobile social media

2.1 Mobile social media and business potential

3 Distinction from other media

4 Managing social media

4.1 Honeycomb framework of social media

5 Building "social authority" and vanity

6 Social media mining

7 Global usage

7.1 Effects of using social media for news purposes

7.2 History and memory effects

8 Criticisms of social media

8.1 Disparity

8.2 Trustworthiness

8.3 Concentration

8.4 Few real impacts

8.5 Reliability

8.6 Ownership of social media content

8.7 Privacy

8.8 Effects on interpersonal relationships

9 Positive effects of social media

10 Employment impact

11 Political effects of social media

12 Patents

13 Social media in the classroom

13.1 Wikipedia

13.2 Facebook and the classroom

13.3 Twitter

13.4 YouTube

14 Advertising on social media

14.1 Tweets containing advertising

15 Censorship incidents

16 See also

17 Notes and references

18 Further reading

19 External links

Classification of social media[edit]

Facebook – an example of a social-media site – had over one billion active users in October 2012.

Social-media technologies take on many different forms including magazines, Internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, microblogging, wikis, social networks, podcasts, photographs or pictures, video, rating and social bookmarking. Technologies include blogging, picture-sharing, vlogs, wall-posting, music-sharing, crowdsourcing and voice over IP, to name a few. Social network aggregation can integrate many of the platforms in use.

Virality[edit]

Some social-media sites have greater virality - defined as a greater likelihood that users will reshare content posted (by another user) to their social network. Many social-media sites provide specific functionality to help users reshare content - for example, Twitter's retweet button, Pinterest pin or Tumblr's reblog function. Businesses may have a particular interest in viral marketing; nonprofit organisations and activists may have similar interests in virality.

Mobile social media[edit]

Mobile social media refers to the combination of mobile devices and social media. This is a group of mobile marketing applications that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content.[7] Due to the fact that mobile social media run on mobile devices, they differ from traditional social media by incorporating new factors such as the current location of the user (location-sensitivity) or the time delay between sending and receiving messages(time-sensitivity). According to Andreas Kaplan, mobile social media applications can be differentiated among four types:[7]

Space-timers (location and time sensitive): Exchange of messages with relevance for one specific location at one specific point in time (e.g. Facebook Places; Foursquare)

Space-locators (only location sensitive): Exchange of messages, with relevance for one specific location, which are tagged to a certain place and read later by others (e.g. Yelp; Qype)

Quick-timers (only time sensitive): Transfer of traditional

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