Retracer l'histoire du judaïsme de l'antiquité

Tracing the history of Judaism of antiquity is to enter into a familiar area that most of us who have received religious instruction experienced. It is also making a leap into the unknown since for Judaism events do not always have the same meaning for Christians and Muslims.

Every Israeli knows beyond a shadow of a doubt that the Jewish people have existed since Moise received the Torah in Sinai, and that is the direct and exclusive descendant. Everyone is convinced that this people out of Egypt, was attached to the "promised land" where was built the glorious kingdom of David and Solomon, and then split into the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Similarly, everyone knows that he has experienced exile twice: after the destruction of the first temple, in the sixth century B.C, and after the Second Temple in the year 70 after Jesus Christ. Following the migration of Jewish people almost two thousand years; their tribulations brought them to Yemen, Morocco, Spain, Germany, Poland and deep into Russia, but they still managed to preserve links of blood between their remote communities. Thus, the uniqueness of Judaism was not altered. At the end of the nineteenth century, conditions ripened for his return to the ancient homeland. Without the Nazi genocide, millions of Jews would naturally repopulate Eretz Israel "the Land of Israel" as they dreamed about for twenty centuries.

At the end of the disaster (World war II), the second half of the twentieth century saw the emergence of a Jewish world transformed with the inconsolable grief of his family at the same time that the hope of new beginnings. The root causes of these changes are varied, but their cumulative effects have redesigned the Jewish world map: migration from East to West (begun in the 1880s) and South to North, burning of the Semitism culminating with the "final solution", creation of the State of Israel. The priority of the postwar period was to go to the physical and political reconstruction of a Europe ravaged by the war that had just ended but already divided by the Cold War was beginning. Jewish side, the priority was the same: the reconstruction and reinvention of Jewish life in its new geographical and socio-cultural frameworks. Economic reconstruction and material of European Jewry in the genocide field of ruins; national and societal structure in the newly created state of Israel; moral and spiritual reconstruction facing bankruptcy of Western democracies.

Moreover, Judaism has been a very influential religion in the world. It plays a very important role in terms of social life and justice through its tradition. Judaism like many other religions does urge its believers to be tolerant and forgive. For instance, in Judaism the ten days before Kippur are for Jews the opportunity to make amends and reconcile. Forgiveness is therefore a demanding process of liability. Forgiveness is subject to repentance and reparation. The repair is important in Judaism, because it is a matter of justice. Indeed, Judaism has many types of holidays like Islam and Christianity. The Jewish holidays are very important and significant. They generally have three special meanings: one meaning coincides with agricultural origin; the second refers to a fact of history interpreted as a divine intervention and a third just give it a more religious and more metaphysical sense. For example, Pesach is the Passover feast. Celebrated around April, this

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