Condamnation de Miami-cinq pour conspiration visant à commettre l'espionnage (document en anglais)

The Cuban Five, also known as the Miami Five (Gerardo Hernández, Antonio Guerrero, Ramón Labañino, Fernando González, and René González),[1] are five Cuban intelligence officers arrested in September 1998 and later convicted in Miami of conspiracy to commit espionage, conspiracy to commit murder, acting as an agent of a foreign government, and other illegal activities in the United States. The Five were in the United States to observe and infiltrate the United States Southern Command and the Cuban-American groups Alpha 66, the F4 Commandos, the Cuban American National Foundation, and Brothers to the Rescue.[2][3] They were part of La Red Avispa (the Wasp Network).

In 2001 the Cuban government acknowledged—after denying the fact for nearly three years—that the five men were intelligence agents. It said they were spying on Miami's Cuban exile community, not the US government.[4] Cuba contends that the men were sent to South Florida in the wake of several terrorist bombings in Havana masterminded by anti-communist terrorist Luis Posada Carriles, a Central Intelligence Agency operative.[4][5]

The Five appealed their convictions and concerns about the fairness of their trial have received international attention.[6] A three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Atlanta overturned their convictions in 2005, citing the "prejudices" of Miami’s anti-Castro Cubans, but the full court later reversed the five's bid for a new trial and reinstated the original convictions.[4] In June 2009 the United States Supreme Court declined to review the case.[7] In Cuba, the Five are viewed by the government as national heroes and portrayed as having sacrificed their liberty in the defense of their country.[8]

René González was released on October 7, 2011 following the completion of 13 years of his sentence with a further three years of probation in the US.[9] He was allowed to return to Cuba for his father's funeral on 22 April 2013, and a federal judge allowed him to stay there provided that he renounce his United States citizenship.[10] Fernando González was released on February 27, 2014.[11] The remaining members were released on December 17, 2014, in a prisoner swap with Cuba for an unidentified American intelligence officer; the release also coincided with the "humanitarian" release by Cuba of American contractor Alan Phillip Gross, although the governments characterized the release of Gross as being unrelated to the release of the Cuban Five members. The release was sanctioned by President Obama and was viewed by some observers as a first step in the easing of political relations between the United States and Cuba.[12]

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