Definitions of globalization

Industrial globalization : expansion of multimodal companies around the world.

Financial globalization : allows free circulation of capital.

Informational globalization : people can access the same information, watch the same TV shows etc.

Cultural globalization : increasing cross-cultural contacts.

All = In favor the Globalization Trade or Free Trade.

All for:

- Reducing (or eliminating) tariffs.

- Reducing transportation costs.

- Reducing capital controls.

Multinational plays an essential role in globalization.

There are detractors & supporters.

Detractors or Anti-globalists : consider globalization as a war machine. Imposing corporate imperialism, crushing human rights, destroying environment, stealing resources from dev. countries.

Supporters : believe that globalization is economically & socially positive. Increasing living standards of dev. countries.

WTO World Trade Organization :

> established the rules for global trading & resolves disputes between its 149 member states.

> formation in 1995. (before it was GATT)

> aim : increase world trade by erasing or lowering trade barriers.

(see doc)

WSF World Social Forum :

> first met in 2001 in Porto Alegre (Brazil).

> alternative globalization movements.

> launched the slogan “Another World is Possible”.

(see doc)

AoA Agreement on Agriculture :

> allows Europe & USA to spend $380 billion a year on agricultural subsidies.

> tends to reduce tariff protections for small farmers, making their dev. even more difficult.

(see doc)

Fair trade?

> idea born in Europe in 1960s.

> aim : give all producers around the world a fair & equal access to the markets.

> movement which become increasingly popular & given rise to idea of solidarity.

(see doc)

Guidelines?

> Fair Trade Guidelines.

> simple & appeal to the average consumer.

> operated by ATO’s (Alternative Trading Organization)

(see doc)

VOC:

No tariffs or barrier :

Unrestricted trading zone:

quotas can limit trade:

trade disputes:

...