Réponse à une question problématisée

These documents are about the unequal integration of territories in a globalized world. The first document is a map of the world that deals with the world’s best and worst places to do business. The title of this document is « The world bank ease of doing business » ranking 2019 and it has been published in 2018 in the visual capitalist. The second document is an extract from an article written by Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Brahima Sangafowa Coulibaly on 2019, 30 May. It has been published on the Brookings and it deals with the unequal integration of Africa in globalization. Inequality has increased considerably in recent decades and some continents like Africa are not integrated into globalization, c’est à dire the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. We could wonder why are territories unequally integrated into globalization ? In order to answer to this question, we will study the most integrated countries at first and then the countries emerging


First, we are going to study the most integrated countries in globalization. As we can see on the first document, the most integrated into globalization are the most developed countries, in fact, the countries of the north but more precisely, the countries which we call « the triad » composed of the USA, the European Union, and Japan. Then, we can see on the document that the first place to do business the best is in New Zealand, a developed country that is integrated into globalization. Then, the top 10 of the best places are in the south of India, Europe, and north of america. So, the more it is the best places to do business, the more the economy of the country is important. They have economic power that the other countries don’t have which it’s creates inequalities. Moroever, we can see that the highest index score is in the north. I know that these states are not uniformly integrated into globalization. They are mainly certain areas that are dynamic, in particular metropolises which are the most important political, economic, financial, and cultural powers. the metropolises are mainly located in developed and emerging countries. The  3rd first metropolis is New york, London and Tokyo. The other metropolises are less well integrated into the networks of globalization. Some countries are isolated from the flows of globalization like Somalia or Yemen and a lot of countries in africa and south of america.


Now, I’d like to focus on the countries emerging. First, as it is underlined on the second document, Africa is a good example of a continent emerging. In fact, The countries in Africa are the less developed countries with south of America and I know that globalization allows the enrichment of countries, nevertheless, if they are excluded, the inequalities grow up.
In addition, we can see on the first document that the countries of Africa and South of America, in fact, the emerging countries have a low index score of the business. It shows that some countries are not integrated because they don’t have enough money to integrate themselves into globalization. Moroever, Africa is not integrated because of the Maritimes flows, just a few of fluxes pass through Africa, and the majority pass through Europe, America, and Asia which shows one more time inequalities. On the second document, we learn that The continent’s share of global merchandise trade has stagnated at around 3 percent.Africa must improve its digital infrastructure and technology-related skills to avoid being further marginalized because At present, the cost of Internet access in Africa is the highest in the world, and internet penetration is only 37 percent, significantly below the world average of 57 percent. In addition, africa has Inadequate infrastructure that undermines its integration into globalization, In Africa, there are few roads and there is an under-equipment of ports and airports. I know in addition that there is a health weakness due to the high cost of care that Africans cannot afford and a lot of diseases that spread a lot because african people can’t treat themselves as in the richest countries like Europe.


As a conclusion, these documents show that Territories are indeed unequally integrated into globalization. In addition, The level of development often reveals the level of integration of a country into globalization and international flows. some territories escape globalization and are excluded from it, either because of a voluntary or involuntary closure, either from too low a level of human and economic development. Moreover Globalization is at the origin of a hierarchy of territories. It creates competition between territories and selects them by integrating some into the process of economic globalization and excluding others. To finish, we have also seen that Territories also suffer from poor development because globalization allows the enrichment of countries, but in detail it increases the inequalities between the poorest and the richest.

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