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Spaces and exchanges

vocabulary:-abroad,overseas /à l'étranger -empress/impératrice-emperor/empereur-as well as/aussi bien que-to shift/déplacer-stall/stand -augmenter/increase,raise-améliorer/enhance-to line-up/s'aligner -shifting,changing,moving/changeant,déplacé-to queu up/faire la queu

-peak/pointe, apogée-mean/signifié -meant/censé,supposé-roughly/à peu près

-stowaway/passager clandestin-lorry/camion(pl/lorries)-run-up/période préparatoire-trip,travel/voyage-move/déplacement-slower/ralentissement

-hand over.tansmettre,donner-underneath/sous-top/dessus-overhead,above/au-dessus-to crawl/ramper-to drop of/déposer-worldwide,global/mondial-purpose/raison,object-aim/objectif-seeker/demandeur

Commonwealth: (consisting of "wealth" ->"well-being, wealth, abundance," and "common" -> mutual) is a free association established for the first time in  the Balfour Declaration in 1926. It's composed of 53 sovereign states comprising the United Kingdom and a number of its former dependencies who have chosen to maintain ties(links) of friendship and practical cooperation and who acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of their association.

The world 'exchanges' refers to the different flux across the world. It can't be human flows, material flows, or information flows. They may be international: flows between two countries, such entities (institutions, asociation, companies, embassies, ministries ...) but also national:(telephone networks, radio, rural exodus,freight transports,carriage of goods...) as well reciprocal as unilateral.

This flux have increaded since the globalization, wich have strongly risen in half of the twentieth century. In all the part of the world, thanks to the developement of new ways to communicate physically and abstractly.

Our modern-day world is changing quickly and seems to be a smaller place due to improvements in communications and transport. Are all the exchanges an improvement for our society ? To respond to this question, we will study at first documents showing a positve aspect of the notion and in second a negative aspect.

The human flows :

London Mela and Carnaval del Puelblo p.74 :The first text  presenting London Mela, is a south Asian festival elapsing every summer in London and the second text deals with the Carnaval del pueblo, a latin american carnaval, both showing the multi-ethnicity of Britain today. Indeed, its history has created a multi-cultural country, since the British Empire, which established possesions and trading post all over the globe between the late(fin)16th and early(début)18th. In 1948 a wave of immigrants from former Carabean colonies occured followed by a second, in the second half of the 20th  century.  Citizens were maily Indian,Pakistanies,Bangladeshis,Ugandan..

In One hand, by bringing people of different nationalities this two events allow mutual acceptance, and equality between individuals. In addition, they promote cultural exchange and the discovery of new traditions, Carnival London Mela permit to discover traditional Asian pop to Muslim hip-hop, Bhangra and Boliwood hits. Via its stalls we have access to traditional Asian food, dance display. But, they also contribute to the attractiveness and richness of  London's life,Carnaval de pueblo make us discover the famous Brazilian party vibe, known . London Mela is one of the most biggest celebrations of Asian and culture in the Europe and the Carnaval de pueblo is the Europe's largest outdoor Latin American event. Finally, they rise the british economy in bringing worldwide turism and creating employment for ungraduated people, there're selling of traditional crafts in Mondon Mela for instance.  

The Notting Hill: To continue, with the multy-cutural Britain, the Trinidanian migrants who traveled from Trinidad and Tobago (two isles of Antilles)have participated in  the cultural enrichment of Britain. In fact, the document Carnivals and festivals in London, inform that Trinidad and Tobago wich became a British colony in 1802, is still part of the Commonwealth today. United by language, history and culture to the UK, they both sharing the same values as democracy, human rights and their cooperation allows to promote it all over the world (Commonwealth Game). Their association permit them to have a significant political impact in the international decision, because they can chose to support each other.  

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