Nelson Mandela bac pro anglais

NELSON MANDELA

Who Was Nelson Mandela? 

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in July 18 eighteen 1918 nineteen eighteen, his African name means Troublemaker. Mandela was a nonviolence anti-apartheid activist, politician and became South Africa’s first black president from 1994 nineteen ninety four to 1999 nineteen ninety nine. Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942 nineteen forty two. For 20 twenty years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, nonviolent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. In 1962 nineteen sixty two, Mandela spent 27 twenty seven years in prison for political offenses. In 1993 nineteen ninety three, Mandela and South African President Frederick de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to dismantle the country's apartheid system. 

Anti-Apartheid Movement and Civil Disobedience 

Within the ANC, a small group of young Africans banded together, calling themselves the African National Congress Youth League. Their goal was to transform the ANC into a mass grassroots movement, deriving strength from millions of rural peasants and working people who had no voice under the current regime. Specifically, the group believed that the ANC's old tactics of polite petitioning were ineffective. 

For 20 twenty years, Mandela directed peaceful, nonviolent acts of defiance against the South African government and its racist policies, including the 1952 nineteen fifty two Defiance Campaign and the 1955 nineteen fifty five Congress of the People. He founded the law firm Mandela and Tambo, partnering with Oliver Tambo, a brilliant student he'd met while attending Fort Hare. The law firm provided free and low-cost legal counsel to unrepresented blacks. 

In 1956 nineteen fifty six, Mandela and 150 one hundred and fifty others were arrested and charged with treason for their political advocacy (they were eventually acquitted). Meanwhile, the ANC was being challenged by Africanists; a new breed of black activists who believed that the pacifist method of the ANC was ineffective. Africanists soon broke away to form the Pan-Africanist Congress, which negatively affected the ANC; by 1959 nineteen fifty nine, the movement had lost much of its militant support. 

Presidency 

On April 27twenty seven, 1994 nineteen ninety four, South Africa held its first democratic elections. Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as the country's first black president on May 10 ten, 1994 nineteen ninety four, at the age of 77 seventy seven, with De Klerk as his first deputy 

From 1994 nineteen ninety four until June 1999 nineteen ninety nine, President Mandela worked to bring about the transition from minority rule and apartheid to black majority rule. He used the nation's enthusiasm for sports as a pivot point to promote reconciliation between whites and blacks. 

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