L'intelligence artificielle

L'intelligence artificielle

1. Introduction

Ladies and gentlemen, the members of the jury, it's a pleasure to be here today.

Today I am going to present my research of information on artificial intelligence. I chose this area because it represents for me one of the biggest issues of the 21st century, through this information I will therefore bring you my answer to this problem: "". At first I will define the artificial intelligence, then exposed its different applications. Then I will discuss the ethical and philosophical issues concerning its application to a human society. Finally, I will answer my problematic through these facts.

1. Definition

Artificial intelligence is "the set of theories and techniques used to create machines capable of simulating intelligence". It corresponds to a set of concepts and technologies. AI is particularly concerned with neural networks, mathematical logic and computer science. She is looking for problem-solving methods with high logic or algorithmic complexity. It designates devices imitating or replacing man in certain implementations of his cognitive functions.

The term "artificial intelligence", created by John McCarthy.

It is defined by one of its creators, Marvin Lee Minsky, as "the construction of computer programs that perform tasks that are, for the moment, performed more satisfactorily by human beings because they require high level mental processes such as: perceptual learning, memory organization and critical reasoning. There is therefore the "artificial" side achieved by the use of computers or elaborate electronic processes and the "intelligence" side associated with its goal of imitating behavior. This imitation can be done in reasoning, for example in games or the practice of mathematics, in the understanding of natural languages ​​and in perception.

Its aims and development have always aroused many interpretations, fantasies or worries, expressed in both science fiction narratives and films as well as in philosophical essays.

1. History of artificial intelligence

Historically, it finds its starting point in the 1950s with the work of Alan Turing, who wonders if a machine can "think". The increasing development of computational computing technologies and algorithmic techniques has led to computer programs surpassing man in some of his iconic cognitive abilities such as chess in 1997 or poker in 2017.

Artificial intelligence, as a field of research, is considered to have been created at the conference held on the Dartmouth College campus in the summer of 1956, attended by those who will mark the discipline. Artificial intelligence then developed mainly in the United States at Stanford University under the leadership of John McCarthy at MIT.

However, the subject of artificial intelligence is a subject whose limits can vary. For example, the search for a route was considered a problem of artificial intelligence in the 1950s, whereas since applications have algorithms to solve these questions the search for routes is no longer considered as artificial intelligence.

1. Highlights since the 2000s

Artificial intelligence is a hot topic in the twenty-first century.

In 2005, the project Blue Brain is launched, it aims to simulate the brain of mammals. This is one of the methods considered to achieve an AI. They announce moreover as objective to manufacture, in ten years, the first "true" electronic brain.

In July 2009, California, a conference organized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), where a group of computer scientists wonder if there should be limits on research that could lead to the loss of human influence on computer systems, and where there was also talk of the explosion of (artificial) intelligence and the danger of technological uniqueness leading to a change of era, or paradigm totally outside human control.

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