Apartheid - South Africa

South Africa – Apartheid

How did South Africa overcome Apartheid?

Intro:

We are going to talk about the notion of idea of Progress, in particularly the Apartheid in South- Africa.  Apartheid word meaning: "separateness" and “the state of apart” literally apart-hood was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South-Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP) governments. The Apartheid began in 1948 and ended in 1991. One of the famous symbols against apartheid was Nelson Mandela, a political prisoner during 27 years, and he became the first black president of South-Africa from 1994 to 1998. So we wonder how South-Africa overcame Apartheid.

Plan:

1. The government sets up the separation between white et black people

1. S-A : former British colony

1948: setting up Apartheid

Contexte: après guerre → l’économie prospère => black migrants workers

White government leads the country

National Party « S-A not a single nation »

The first grand Apartheid law was the Population Registration Act of 1950

1. Some rebels :

Liberal Party created by Alan Paton → against segregations and discriminations toward black people.

Freedom Charter: explanation → purpose?

ANC – African National Congress lead by Nelson Mandela in 1952

1. No Consideration of black people

2nd class Citizen

Apartheid: apart hood → discrimination and racial segregation towards black people

1. Some rebellion were illegal but they succeeded in remaining true to their beliefs

1. Repression of the government towards black people

Laws against black people / a taste of Freedom: Mandela kept in mind that he is in jail physically but mentally he is free and he fought for his goal

1. Answer by black people → using violence against violence because pacifism doesn’t work.

Liberal Party increase created by Alan Paton  

ANC sets up the Freedom Charter signed in 1955 (with SAIC –South Africa Indian Congress- and SAC –South Africa Congress) to help black people

White people joined the Liberal Party → everyone aren’t for apartheid

This party criticized Apartheid, white government distended group

1. Imprisonment of black people : not persecution anymore

The Sentence: extract with a black man who is thrown across the bridge

1. Apartheid is over: South Africa becomes “the Rainbow Nation”

1. Apartheid is still in minds even if Mandela is President of South-Africa → Taste of freedom
2. Mandela’s release → 11 February 1990
3. Unity of black and white people

CCL:

South Africa's successful struggle for freedom and democracy is one of the most dramatic stories of our time. The racial tyranny of apartheid ended with a negotiated transition to a non-racial democracy, but not without considerable personal cost to thousands of men, women, and young people who were involved. So we can make a parallel between Winnie Mandela and Mandela because they had the same idea of apartheid but Winnie Mandela became a terrorist because of her idea radicalized, she used violence to answer to the government. Whereas Mandela who decides to stay pacific because the violence does not solve anything.

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