Civilisation Américaine : The British colonization of north America, 17-18th century

             CM         CIVI AMÉRICAINE        BCC 2 UE 2 L1 S1

Chapitre 1 : The British colonization of north America, 17-18th century

1. The English expansion in NA in the 17th century
2. The English expansion in NA in the 18th

Intro :

• european colonial expansion 1492
• Led by CC
• The americas
• To lunch colonization
• The

The west indies - the Caraïbes also on the eastern cost of NA those English colonies were flourishing, and those attracted many immigrants,

1. The English expansion in NA in the 17th century

Introduction

● European colonial expansion

● Led by Christopher Columbus

● The Americas

● To launch (launched)

● The Spanish and Portuguese monarchies

● Its own settlements

● The Caribbean, or the West Indies

● Flourishing colonies

1. The early English attempts at colonization

From the 15th century the Atlantic Ocean is an intense place of rivalries between the European kingdoms. Until 1492, Spain and Portugal fought for the dominance of the Route to India along the African coastline. After 1492 Spain and Portugal alone with the rest of Europe fought for the control of the American continent

Cristopher Columbus worked for the Spain crown (the queen), he discovered a new Indian routen ( Western one to India), but when he landed near cuba in 1492, he believed he had reached India and that’s why local indigenous peoples was called « Indians » by C.C

In English The Caribbean are called « West Indies » and caribbean

● che Caribbean, or the West Indies

● The “pre-Columbian” empires

● The conquistadors

● Oregon and Labrador

● The mainland

● Fort San Augustin in Florida

● Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica, Barbados

● Newfoundland (1583)

• Roanoke island (1585-87)

B. The founding of Jamestown, Virginia

● The Virginia Company of London

● King James I

● May 24, 1607

● The Chesapeake Bay

● Chief Powhatan

● Captain John Smith

● Pocahontas

● A sustainable and profitable settlement

● In 1625, only 1,200 colonists survived

 ● The cultivation of tobacco

● Planter John Rolfe

● The “tobacco rush”

● The “plantation system”

● The importation of foreign workers

● The bankruptcy

 C. The founding of Plymouth, Massachusetts

● The Protestant Reformation

● The Puritans

● The Anglicans

● The Mayflower

● The “Pilgrim Fathers”

● Cap Cod is located in present-day Massachusetts

● The Mayflower Compact

● William Bradford

● The Wampanoags

● Thanksgiving

● The Massachusetts Bay Company

● John Winthrop

 II. The English expansion in North America until the 18th c. A. Immigration of whites, importation of blacks

● The 13 colonies: Virginia (1607); Massachusetts (1620); New Hampshire (1623); Maryland (1632); Connecticut (1635); Rhode Island (1636); Delaware (1638); North Carolina (1653); South Carolina (1663); New Jersey (1664); New York (1664); Pennsylvania (1682); Georgia (1732)

● A mixture of various nationalities

● Scots from Ireland

● Germans

● Scots from Scotland, Dutch, Welsh, French (Huguenots), Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss

● Enslaved Africans

● Philadelphia (28,000 inhabitants); New York (25,000); Boston (16,000);

Charles Town (12,000); Newport, RI (11,000)

● A multicultural national identity

 B. The South: a rural society

● Tobacco, rice, and indigo

● The class of planters

● The “masters” of black and white workers

● Aristocratic mansions

● The class of poor whites

● Farmers or laborers

● Small plots of land

● High rates of mortality

● The class of slaves

● The planter’s property

● Cabins

● Extended kinship networks

● Yoruba, Ibo, Hausa – Gullah

● Voodoo; syncretism

 C. The North: an urban society

● The primary form of social organization

● A charter delivered by colonial authorities

● The participatory democracy of everyone

● A town meeting

● A meeting house

● The commons were areas of pasture

● The family became the pivot of social life

● On average, a woman was pregnant 10 times

● Natural growth

● Craftsmen, shopkeepers, businessmen

● Transatlantic trade

● The Salem witch trials (1690s)

● Harvard College (1636)

● The “New Jerusalem”

Conclusion

Two centuries after Columbus’ voyage, European states controlled North America with gigantic empires. There, England came to dominate a large region along the eastern coast through 13 colonies stretching from Massachusetts to Georgia.

In the South, the British colonies were created as for-profit enterprises. Through the enslavement of hundreds of thousands of African people, marketable crops like tobacco and rice became monocultures exported to Europe.

In the North, it was not commerce but religion that drove the creation of New England colonies. Puritans in Massachusetts as well as Quakers in Pennsylvania desired to live their faith freely.

The British colonies of North America participated in the many exchange flows across the Atlantic ocean—mainly human migrations and commercial trade. By the late 18th century, these colonies had become central poles of the new “Atlantic world.”

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