Notes, english class

English Class 1 (19/09/18)

• (there are practice tests on ENT)

World Legal Systems

Legal- Droit

World legal systems can be classified into several categories depending on the type of law on which they are based.

1.civil law- france is a country where civil law prevails

2.common law- Canada USA UK Austrailia

3.religious law- muslim law and jewish law

4.customary law- based on customs

Some jurists consider that socialist law which is rooted in civil law is also a category of law in itself. (Jurists disagree on how many systems there are).

However, most systems are hybrid. (Mixture of types of laws)

ex: Canada has common law and civil law

In civil law countries the law is codified and the role of the judge is to find the law that applies in a particular case. France is a civil law country.

In common law countries the role of the judge is to find out (trouver) how a similar case (la meme) has been dealt with in the past and to make the same ruling.

Common law or Case law are the body of laws dirived from court decisions in the past.

Religious Law tries  to apply moral values and ethical standards upheld by god as laid out by jurists or sacred texts (the bible or quran or toroah)

Customary Law is grounded in either existing norms  or rules prescribed by your chief.

Most countries have a hybrid legal system.

This course is focused on the development and description of common law legal systems, how common law came to exist, how it is applied, how it has evolved with an introduction law studies in common law countries. The focus is Common Law.

Ch:1 Becoming a Lawyer in Common Law countries

(law studies and legal professions and how lawyers are trained in common law countries and how legal professions are organized.)

1. Legal education

First year students have bachelor of science in law or LLB or BA (bachelor of arts) or BSC(bachelor of science) LLB is more professional. BSC and BA are more general. MA master of arts MSC master of science LLM.  PHD 8-9 years or JD jurist doctorat 6-8 for JD

Upheld- laid out (dire)

1. In the UK at undergraduate level (license) students apply for several universities the year they take the school leaving certificate which is called A level. Starting in 2019 they will be a Law A level, so they can start studying law before entering university.

The application procedure is centralized at national level by a charitable organization called UCAS.

Uni of Bristol law school is a parnter of Uni of Bordeaux. They recieve 2500 applications and admit 145 home students (means from the UK or the EU) plus 50 international students. about 1/15 applications are admitted. Uni education is selective in the UK. There are many applicants because the salary is high and it has a high level of prestige. soliciter earns 45000 euros a year. However, due to the frustration amoung perspective law students, the LNAT was created. Its used in 8 major UK universities. It makes the admissions criteria more transparent. It costs 50 pounds.

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