Piège parental : Prestations de garde d'enfants dans les grandes villes du Canada
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www.policyalternatives.ca RESEARCH ANALYSIS SOLUTIONS
The Parent Trap
Child Care Fees in Canada’s Big Cities
David Macdonald and Martha Friendly
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
November 2014
About the authors
David Macdonald is a Senior Economist with the
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
Martha Friendly is the founder and Executive Director
of the Childcare Resource and Research Unit.
She is a research associate at the Canadian Centre
for Policy Alternatives.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the following people for their
help in compiling data and conducting the phone
survey for this report: Kayle Hatt, Hadrian Mertins-
Kirkwood, Hayley Koeslag and Helena Towle. They
also thank the municipal and provincial employees
who compiled and made available the administrative
data upon which much of this report is based.
ISBN 978-1-77125-157-0
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5 The Parent Trap
5 Executive Summary
6 Introduction
8 Background
9 The Results: Infant Full-Day Fees
11 The Results: Toddler Full-Day Fees
12 The Results: Preschooler Full-Day Fees
13 Ranges of Fees
14 Child Care Affordability Index
16 What Determines Parent Fees?
20 Conclusion
22 Appendix A
23 Appendix B
24 Appendix C
27 Appendix D
29 Notes
The Parent Trap: Child Care Fees in Canada’s Big Cities 5
The Parent Trap
Child Care Fees in Canada’s Big Cities
Executive Summary
While Canada spends less on early childhood education and care than most
OECD countries, Canadian parents are among the most likely to be employed.
As Canadian parents are working parents, child care fees can play a major role
in decision-making and labour force participation, particularly for women.
This study examines, for the first time, median unsubsidized child care
fees in Canada’s big cities for infants, toddlers and preschoolers. It also develops
an affordability index that compares child care fees to women’s income.
Infant spaces (<1.5 years) are the hardest to find and the most expensive.
Torontonians pay the most for infant child care at $1,676 a month. Parents
in St. Johns pay the second most at $1,394 a month. The lowest fees
are found in the Quebec cities of Gatineau, Laval, Montreal, Longueuil and
Quebec City, where infant care costs $152 a month thanks to Quebec’s $7-aday
child care policy (increased to $7.30-a-day in October 2014). The secondlowest
infant fees are found in Winnipeg ($651 a month) where a provincial
fee cap is also in place.
There are roughly twice as many toddler spaces (1.5–3 years) as infant
spaces and fees are lower. Toronto has the highest toddler fees at $1,324 a
month. Vancouver, Burnaby, London, Brampton and Mississauga all have
median toddler fees over $1,000 a month. Again, the least expensive tod6
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
dler spaces are in the Quebec cities already mentioned, where it is also $152
a month ($7 a day), followed by Winnipeg at $451 a month.
There are many more preschooler spaces (3–5 years) than toddler spaces
and fees are the lowest of the three age categories. Toronto again has the
highest median
...