Space Race

Space Rush

After WW2 German advances in the field of rockets. The desire to discover space became important. The first important discover in aerospace was in 1934. In was the lauching the fist V2 rocket build by the Nazis to be transform in bomb. They was propulse by Ethyl alcohol and liquid oxygen. It was the starting point of the american an siviet reseach. Because at the end of the war the american and the soviet Deploying agents to steel plan and material of V2. After the war only 2 nations was able to start reseach for sapce material likerocket or satelite. It was the Soviet Union and the US. Form here began a Space race between this two country. It was a prestige competion. But a military competition at the begining because they want to use rocket to launch nuclar bomb. But they want to show to the rest of the world that they are the most powerful country. The first thing they develop after the war was Intercontinental Ballistic Missile missile able to transport nuclear bomb. If this era saw the beginning of global rocket research, the main engine of this research remained the hope of using rockets as an asset during a war; In 1950, sending a man into space was not taken very seriously in general. The first succes was sovietic whit the satelite Spoutnik 1. 4 October 1957 at 22:28. After the soviet success the us Intensify their research to launch  Juno a rocket with a little stalite. After that the us lanch the programm discover in 1960 the objectif was to lanch a lot of spy satelite to dectect the plane. After thet the explorer mission becan in the objectif ti lanch scientific staelitte. After the first successes of the satellite shots, the next step was the sending of living beings into space. However, the first cosmonauts were in fact more considered as guinea pigs than pilot. On 19 August 1960 the vostok programme, took two dogs in Sputnik 5. The first inhabited mission, Vostok 1, was launched on 12 April 1961 from the site of Tiouratam (Baikonur). It carried Yuri Gagarin, who became the first man in space, where he made a complete orbit in 108 minutes. Vostok 6 took the first woman of space, Valentina Terechkova, on June 16, 1963. The competitor program in the United States was the Mercury Program, quite different from the Soviet. The Americans then successfully sent to space the monkeys Note 11 Ham, then Enos, on January 31 and November 29, 1960. On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard was the first American in space, for a flight that was only sub orbital at 187 km altitude and lasted 15 minutes.

After the race to space, the race to the moon started. Tha amrican started the programme Appolo, with the saturn launcher. The Apollo 11 mission, successfully completed a few months before Kennedy's deadline, is often referred to as the most important event in the space conquest. 40 On July 16, 1969, at 9:32:40, Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin Sent by a Saturn V to the Moon, with the control modules Columbia and LM eagle.

In parallel, the soviet start the luna programme and they lanch 16 probe towards the moon. After the sovet that to develop the spatialship Soyouz but a lot of problem during the test must the to stop.

The appolo mission finish the space race.

As early as 1969, after Apollo 11, NASA was aware of the need to lower the costs of space programs. One of the ways to save money was to have reusable equipment: until now, rockets, capsules and vessels were only intended for a single use. 7 shuttles have been designed since 1976: Enterprise, Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavor, Orion. But 2 explose Challenger in 1986  and Columbia in 2003.

The international space station is the result of long work between different countries. It is based on the American space station program Freedom, started in 1994, which was joined by ESA, and various countries such as Canada and Japan. 88 The project, which was enormous in its beginnings, was often redesigned and simplified Cost issues, and post-accident safety reviews of US shuttles. The building of the sapce station begin in 1998. But it Fall behind after the explosion of columbia in 2004.

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