Les Politiques De Diversité

Abstract

In the development of their Corporate Social Responsibility programs, big French companies

have launched initiatives to promote diversity among their employees. In this study I focus on

diversity programs for French banlieues often defined as low-income areas populated by

mostly French of foreign descent or foreign immigrants reside. I will first analyze to what

extend French Diversity Programs are effective for specific areas named "banlieues". I will

also provide pragmatic and effective solutions to reduce inequality in those areas and increase

diversity in French companies. I want to provide French companies and government ideas and

recommendations for effective diversity programs. To conlude I will explain that to achieve

development, French banlieues need social justice.

Key words: diversity, banlieue, social, corporate social responsibilities, equality of

opportunities

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SUMMARY

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Literature review ............................................................................................................................. 8

2.1 History of the term “Banlieue”: a changing signification according to the epoch? ............... 9

2.2 The French banlieue nowadays: diversity, unemployment and insecurity ........................... 10

2.2.1 The common meaning of “banlieue” in France nowadays ........................................... 10

2.2.2 Sensitive Urban Zones or ZUS in French: a better term to designate the concept we name abusively banlieue? ............................................................................................................. 11

2.2.3 Key data on French ZUS: Unemployment, Education & Urban Violence ...................... 11

2.2.4 Main difficulties and challenges in French banlieues .................................................... 18

2.2.5 Solutions to the banlieue issues .................................................................................... 19

2.3 What is diversity in France? .................................................................................................. 21

2.3.1 Diversity: an attempt at definition ................................................................................ 21

2.3.2 Statistics on diversity. .................................................................................................... 23

2.3.3 A recent opening: the promotion of the French diversity ............................................ 25

2.4 Diversity programs “made in France” ................................................................................... 27

2.5 The principle of Equal Opportunities .................................................................................... 28

2.5.1 The principle of Equality of Opportunity: Justice as fairness? ...................................... 28

2.5.2 The Equality of Opportunity nowadays in France ......................................................... 33

2.6 Banlieues: the example of the UK ......................................................................................... 38

3 Research questions & Literature gap analysis ............................................................................... 44

3.1 Literature Gap analysis .......................................................................................................... 44

3.2 Research questions................................................................................................................ 45

4 Research hypothesis & method .................................................................................................... 46

4.1 Research hypothesis .............................................................................................................. 46

4.2 Research method .................................................................................................................. 46

4.3 Data Collection Methods ....................................................................................................... 51 4.3.1 Quantitative data gathering: Questionnaire ................................................................... 51

4.3.2 Qualitative data gathering: deep interviews ................................................................. 54

4.4 Data analysis .......................................................................................................................... 56

4.4.1 Analysis of the primary data obtained from my questionnaire .................................... 56

4.4.2 Analysis of the qualitative data obtained from my interviews ..................................... 71

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A. Thomas Nommer: Director of the program “L’Envol” (the take-off in English) .................... 71

B. Celine Thebaud: Director of the association Frateli .............................................................. 74

C. My testimony ........................................................................................................................ 78

5 Comments on the results obtained from my data analysis ..........................................................

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