The End Of The Appartheid

The apartheid is the politics of racial segregation led in South Africa by the white minority against the black majority. 

It was Organized in 1948 by the national Party, it is based on the development separated from the populations and was practised until 1991,

Strict laws were organized in the country aiming at repressing the blacks .The marriage between various races was forbidden; the black populations could be moved at any time if they lived on a zone where lived Whites. In fact, all these laws were established to separate the various group whether it is at the level of the employment, of the accommodation or the education.

Revolts and oppositions :

This regime installs immediately protests and tension, as for example the manifestation of Sharpeville, terribly repressed in March, 1960. Following this tragic event, the government forbids the ANC and the CAP(COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY) (PANAFRICAN CONGRESS), two black movements which fight against the apartheid. THE ANC is forced to act in the underground and decides, at the instigation of Nelson Mandela, to take weapons. Nelson Mandela will be arrested in 1962, then sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964. The protests against the apartheid affects all the countries and the populations. Indeed, there are many Whites, in particular the British or the Catholics, who oppose it whereas the international community tries to press. So, in front of dissatisfaction of the members of the Commonwealth, The Prime Minister Verwoerd reacts by making proclaim the independence of the South African Union, become then the Republic of South Africa. THE UNO votes for the application of new penalties in 1962, which remain however ineffective.

But in the 1970s, Mozambique and Angola become independent and it strengthens more the black nationalism and weakens the power. In June, 1976, high school students' manifestation of Sowetoet and particularly violent repression which followed upset considerably the international opinion. The event contributes unquestionably to the resignation of the Prime Minister Vorster, criticized from everywhere. He is replaced by Pieter Willem Botha, who begins light reforms of the apartheid.

The abolition of the apartheid

Pieter Botha delete some segregationist laws on the attendance of the public places, the internal passport or the access to the employment, while maintaining a politics of exclusion from the Blacks. In 1984, he allows the Half-bloods and the Asiatics to join the Parliament, without granting anything to the Blacks. The purpose of such an approach is obvious: it is quite simply a question of weighing down the weight of the government in front of a majority black population. Finally, this reform has for only consequence to instigate more the anger of the opposition. While a black population multiplies the revolts and the strikes, the government is damaged by the strengthening of the opponents of the apartheid. The Republic of South Africa dives into a political discorder and social disorder to proclaim the state of emergency. When from 1985, the investors and the foreign partners of the country multiply the economic sanctions, the Republic of South Africa sees only an outcome: abolish the apartheid. In 1989, Botha resigns from the presidency

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