L'évolution de l'Inde concerne-t-elle tous les citoyens ?

Are all citizens on an equal footing in modern-day in India?

INTRODUCTION DU SUJET :

The notion I’m going to deal with is seats and forms of power. I’m going to talk about India because it’s a country which is changing rapidly. I feel this notion is best illustrated by trying to see if all citizens are on equal footing in India today. First, we’re going to see there are inequalities among citizens. Then, we’re going to speak about the inequalities among men and women. Finally, we’re going to see the evolution of India society.

INEQUALITIES AMONG CITIZENS

First, India is divided into four unequal hereditary social castes: it’s the cast system. If someone was born in one of these castes, he can’t change or marry someone belonging to another cast. Exist another cast in this cast system, but this one is outcastes: it’s the Untouchables and Dalits. It’s the lowest caste because Dalits are only allowed certain jobs such as cleaners, cobblers. Even the cast system is forbidden, it still exists in rural areas and more precisely, still exists discrimination against Dalits. In fact, they are obliged to use specific eating places, schools, temples and water sources. Today, there are 170 million Dalits in India and over 40 percent survive on less than 2 dollars a day. It’s the first form of inequalities among citizens in India. If exist inequalities among citizens, exist also inequalities among men and women.

INEQUALITIES AMONG MEN AND WOMEN

The dowry tradition is the largest inequality among men and women. When Indian girl prepare to marry, their families have to give a dowry or a gift to the future husband’s family because it’s a compensation for the groom’s parents for the cost of educating their son.

More of this, India knows another problem: they missed 50 millions girls in India today. A lot of girls are killed at their birth. This practice is called a gendercide. There are several reasons of these murders. One is the dowry tradition: raise a boy is financially more attractive because you can receive money when the boy will marry. A girl doesn’t seem as attractive as a boy because parents have to pay for her wedding. Another reason is boy can look after family business, the parents when they are old and the family name. So, even this is illegal, sex-selective abortions are practised. In 2011, the gendercide has resulted in a gender imbalance as there are 940 Indian girls for every 1000 boys. In spite of these inequalities, we can finally say that India is a country which is changing currently.

THE EVOLUTION OF INDIAN SOCIETY

India is today the story of two duelling narratives. On the one hand, there is the poverty face. There is about two-thirds of India’s population who lives below the poverty line. For example, slums are in extension around cities like the New-Delhi slum where live the Indian poor population in hope to find some jobs. However, on the other hand there is the Indian tiger: even if a lot of Indians are still poor, India’s economy is changing rapidly. India knows a GDP (grow domestic product) very important: about 7 or 8 percent per year. The high-tech cities grows everywhere in the country. These high-tech cities such as Bangalore look like a science fiction

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