Work about the environment

THE ENVIRONMENT

1. CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ENVIRONMENT TODAY

1. Gap between rich and poor countries

Rich countries:

• pollute and waste
• ageing population: low birth rates

Poor and developing countries

• high birth rates ang growing population
• they need to develop economically

1. Globalization

Transport ⇧

1. Urbanization

It causes deforestation and desertification → transforms landscapes

1. Industrialization of farming and fishing

1. Breakthroughs in biotechnology

Bio engineered

Genetically engineered

Transgenic

Goal: reduce pesticides, insecticides

1. CONSEQUENCES: APPEARANCE OF ENVIRONNEMENTAL EMERGENCIES

1. Global warming

Worldwide increase of temperatures

Melting of glaciers and of the North Pole ice.

The climate is changing with unseal periods of dry and hot water.

• Storms
• Droughts
• Hurricanes
• Floods

Water is becoming scarce

Fire destroys regions

Reasons:

• Factories, cars and farmes belch out toxic carbon
• Dioxide and methane
• They create a greenhouse effect

FIRMS

1. FIRM COMPANY CORPPORATE BUSINESS

1. ORGANIZATION CHART

[pic 1]

1. SUCCESS OF A COMPANY

1. 5 Ps

• Product
• Price
• Place
• Promotion
• Packaging

1. Efficient management

• Skills
• Know-how
• Gifted

This document is an article from the American newspaper The New York Times published in February 2007. It deals with a boss who improves the working conditions of his employees.

1. Positive image of a firm

• Quality of goods
• Employment and working conditions

1. Difficulties

Suppliers → raw materials

Sales (to sell) → buying patterns

Competition / regulation

Domestic companies ≠ foreign companies

Laws – taxes – tariffs

Currency rates

Sustainable development

1. Solutions

1. Reduce costs

Labour

Focus on are activities / main activities

1. Strategy

Mergers

Partnership

Relocate → to outsource / outsourcing

1. Reorganize production

To invest:  R&D

               Automation

New niches

Distribution network

Inventories

Economic sector ≠ economical = not expensive

To reduce employee turnover

WORK

1980’s → unemployment

↳  Privation

1. REASONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT

Competition from cheap labour cost countries (ASIA – INDIA)

Relocation of production:

• Reduce costs
• Become more competition
• Increase profits

Development of information technologies and automation → produce of lows costs

Mergers and acquisitions

Consequences: redundancy

Return on equities if profitability isn’t satisfactory → to restructure (shareholders) = to streamline.

High labour costs     =   perks

Governmental policies

• Welfare policies
• Social benefits (paid vacation – family help)

Perks = bonuses, company car, …

1. NEWS TRENDS IN WORKING LIFE

1. Flexibility

Consequence:

• Part time jobs
• Temping jobs
• Fixed term contract
• Permanent contract

Consequence:

• Work on week-ends
• At night
• Accept odd jobs

Disadvantages:

• Savings (labour costs)
• Just in time production
• Reduce inventories

Workers advantages

• Free time
• Jobs keep local

Workers inconvenients

• Stress
• Private life
• Economic

Teleworking, telecommuting, teleservice out of the office = keep in touch with the company.

1. Teleworking

Reasons:

• Lower building express
• Reduce the costs of equipment and overheads
• ++ flexibility

Evolution:

• - Workstations than staff    rent workstations
• More virtual offices

Limits:

• Promotions and career opportunities
• Isolated employees
• No communication, no teamwork

1. DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURING

• Start up
• Micro-enterprises
• Small and medium sized firms

1. AGING WORKFORCE

• Ageism
• How to finance pensions

 Measures:

• Lows (Europe) against discrimination
• Postpone the retirement age
• Flexible hours

1. WORKING IN CIES (companies)

Teamwork

• Share goals
• Improve products and processes
• Reduce errors
• Be active in the company’s success

Motivation

• Performance related pay
• Target earnings
• Promotion
• Profits sharing
• Stock options

New premises

• Open space
• No hierarchy barrier

Problem: noisy

 Female discrimination

MARKETING – ADVERTISING

Consumer’s needs (current and future)

1. STUDYING THE MARKET

• Supply and demand

Living and consuming habits

Spending pattern

• Studying he target

Segments niches sections

Age – gender – income

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