Consignes de préparation a l’oral d’anglais spe

Consignes de préparation a l’oral d’anglais spe :

- 1 seul sujet

- Dossier de 4 à 6 documents :

• ù!!! un article de presse obligatoire !!! : qui constituera le coeur de l’article et qui doit être rédiger en première nature en anglais

• au plus 2 images

• au plus 2 articles d’une autre nature

- document qui aide a répondre a la problématique choisi

• Key question :

- How do socio-economic inequalities significantly contribute to the increase in crime rates in New York, and how can these factors be effectively studied to reduce crime rates in the city?

First document :

- https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-is-nyc-safe-crime-stat-reality/

- The Bloomberg article titled “Is NYC Safe? The Reality of Crime Rates in New York” deals with the perception of crime rates in New York City.

• Main idea :

1. Violent Crime Trends: Incidents of violent crime in New York City remain at historic lows. However, people’s views on crime are often influenced more by what they see and hear rather than hard statistical data. While homicides receive the most attention, trends in larceny, burglary, and assault show similar patterns.

2. Public Perception: A rash of high-profile incidents in subway stations and tourist areas, along with an outspoken mayor focusing on crime-fighting, has intensified scrutiny on public safety. Younger New Yorkers are experiencing a sustained rise in crime for the first time in their lives. In a recent poll, three-quarters of New Yorkers considered crime a “very serious” problem, the highest number since 1999.

3. Global Context: It’s not just New York—crime fell in cities worldwide during the early weeks of Covid-19 shutdowns. However, violence began ticking up as residents dealt with economic and health fallout. Other U.S. cities, including Washington D.C., Los Angeles, and Chicago, saw murder rates climb due to gun violence.

4. Campaign Focus: Public safety and guns have become prominent issues in campaign ads ahead of the November midterm elections. Historically low crime levels led to less political focus on crime, but recent increases have shifted the narrative.

Second documents :

- https://www.violence-lab.eu/news/inequality-and-violent-crime-understanding-the-nexus/

-“Inequality and Violent Crime: Understanding the Nexus” explores the intricate relationship between inequality and violent crime.

• Main idea :

1. Theoretical Lenses:

◦ Relative Deprivation Theory: People may turn to crime when they perceive a gap between their expectations and achievements. Economic inequalities can fuel feelings of deprivation and frustration, potentially leading to criminal behavior.

◦ Routine Activity Theory: While not focused on inequality, it posits that for a crime to occur, there must be a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of capable guardians. Economic disparities can increase the number of motivated offenders or suitable targets.

◦ Social Cohesion Theory: Deep inequalities weaken social bonds, reducing community members’ willingness to look out for one another, which can contribute to increased crime.

2. Mixed Empirical Evidence:

◦ Some studies suggest that areas with higher income inequality tend to have higher violent crime rates.

◦ However, nuances exist. Factors like law enforcement strength and social safety nets can influence the connection between inequality and crime.

◦ The impact of inequality on crime may vary based on the type of inequality (e.g., income vs. education) and specific regional contexts.

3. Beyond Violent Crime:

◦ Inequality extends beyond crime. It affects mental health, perpetuates poverty cycles, and influences voting patterns.

◦ Societal mistrust can arise, leading to divisions and unrest, creating fertile ground for radicalization.

Addressing socioeconomic disparities through economic policies and community initiatives is crucial in mitigating the impact of inequalité on crime .

- third documents :

https://learningportal.iiep.unesco.org/en/issue-briefs/improve-learning/socioeconomic-inequalities-and-learning

- Socioeconomic Inequalities and Learning” explores the profound impact of social and economic inequalities on children’s cognitive development, socio-emotional growth, and educational outcomes.

• Main idea :

1. Effects of Inequality:

◦ Socioeconomic disparities significantly affect marginalized children’s ability to learn.

◦ Multiple inequities combine, widening the gap between advantaged and disadvantaged children over time.

◦ In contexts of high inequality, quality and equitable education are crucial for inclusive and sustained societal development.

2. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:

◦ The 2030 Agenda emphasizes equity and leaving no one behind.

◦ SDG 10 focuses on reducing inequality beyond economics, promoting social, economic, and political inclusion for all.

◦ SDG 4 highlights the need to combat exclusion and inequalities in education, especially for vulnerable groups.

3. Policy Implications:

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