Diabète anglais

Diapo 1 :

We are going to talk about diabetes, what are causes, consequences and treatments.

Diapo 2 :

• Diabetes is a disease which affects the blood sugar level. The regulation of the blood glucose level is no more efficient and blood sugar level increases.

• Glucose is important for our organs and muscles, as we know, because it’s transformed into energy. But its rate has to be strongly regulated, which is not anymore the case with diabetes.

Diapo 3 :

• Diabetes affects about four hundred million people in the world whose four million people in France in two thousand and fifteen. According to the International Diabetes Federation, four hundred people are affected every day by the diabetes, which is enormous !

• Moreover, forecasts for two thousand and fifty are catastrophic : sixty point five million diabetes cases for North America and seventy-one million for Europe, Russia and all of these countries (les montrer sur la carte).

• Thus, diabetes concerns a lot of people. But what are the causes ? (1’20) (155)

Diapo 4 :

• Diabetes is caused by a loss of function of β-cells. β-cells are found in the pancreas and produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone which regulates the blood sugar level.

• In 1, For a healthy person, after she had eaten, glucose is absorbed by intestinal cells and transported to organs and muscles by blood vessels. So, blood sugar level increases.

In 2, In the pancreas, this elevation of the concentration of glucose leads to the production of insulin by β-cells.

In 3, Insulin is transported by blood vessels and binds to its receptors at the surface of muscles and organs cells.

In4, After a cascade of several events, glucose is stocked by organs (and especially in the liver) and muscles.

• For people affected by diabetes, β-cells are deficient and blood sugar is not regulated. This deficiency can be due to : genetic inheritance, environment, food, and a lot of others factors such as insulin resistance. (1’20 150)

Diapo 5 :

• As we have seen, insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates cells to take up glucose.

• In insulin resistance, muscles and organs cells are insensible to the cascade of events creates by the binding of the insulin on its receptor. The β-cells produce more insulin to try to keep blood glucose normal. Insulin becomes slowly deficient and blood sugar increases over time. Then, diabetes is developing.

• We don’t yet know exactly what are the processes which cause insulin resistance. However, we know that insulin resistance is one of the most common causes of diabetes. (90 0’55)

Diapo 6 :

• There are two types of diabetes :

➢ In type I diabetes, β-cells does not produce enough insulin or are destroyed by the body immune system. This type of diabetes is genetic. So, it appears early in our life, during childhood.

➢ In type II diabetes, β-cells produce insulin which is deficient and which no stimulates cells to take up glucose. This type of diabetes is due to several factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, food, insulin resistance… and thus, appears later, especially after fifty years old. It represents about ninety percents of diabetes cases.

• In both cases, blood glucose level is high and not regulated or not correctly

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