L'hospitalité d'une entreprise, qu'est ce que c'est ? - étude en anglais

Today, the most common definition of hospitality is 'action to receive at home strangers’ (according to the Treasury of the French language computerized). The gesture of hospitality is therefore neither easy nor spontaneous and requires effort because it conceals a danger and a threat. The arrival of foreigners causes a telescoping of different cultures but also an opening to the world. But the host-to-host relationship is asymmetric because hospitality involves a dependence of the allowed external rules, as the time of the meal for example. And the host, of course, is not at home. Hence, an uncomfortable situation and a reciprocal gene can be felt.

Offer hospitality, is to give something of us. Hospitality is therefore located behind the service. Invite friends, welcome foreigners, receive his parents... Hospitality appears as a duty or a fairly universal civility rule. It involves rules of conduct and obligations implied both on the part of the host that one who receives. For philosophers, hospitality can be defined as sharing of 'home', as a value. Sociologists see it as a social fact, a rite of passage, a time of cohabitation.

Now that we have seen and define the notion of hospitality, we can take a closer look at the geographical aspect of the hospitality industry. We can divide it into tree parts: the regional, national, and global aspect of the hospitality world.

If we based on the regional aspect, by taking the workforce employed in the sectors of hospitality the 1st of January 2014; we can see that the Île-de-France gathers 414,000 jobs employed in the sectors of tourism, or 9.1% of employment an employee of the region. The Île-de-France is there first employer in this sector, followed by the region Provence-Alpe-Côtes d’Azur with 119,000 jobs in this sector.

The Île-de-France is the first world tourist destination. The eight departments of the region present a diverse tourist offer and Paris, alone, has a very strong reputation.

Paris and Ile-de-France hotels represent nearly a quarter of the hotel facilities. In 2014, there were 154 745 rooms in 2 508 hotels in the region of which 61% are located in the city of Paris (1,534 establishments), 16% in small crown and 23% in large crown.

Two-thirds of the establishments are classified two or three stars, 19.4% of the hotels being classified four stars. The business tourism accounted for 44% of overnights; it increased of 28% since 1996, and has a particularly important economic impact, the daily expenditure of visitors being significantly higher than the recreational tourism.

International tourism is predominant in Paris intramural: it represents 67% of overnight stays in Paris for only 33% of national client. Overnights of foreign customers are located, for 65% of the cases, in the town intramural while 41% of overnight stays of the French clientele are held in accommodation outside the city. The increase of the economics Hotel at the gates of Paris and the region partly explains this phenomenon.

As we defined the regional aspect of the hospitality industry by taking the example of the Ile-de-France region, we will now discuss about the national aspect of the hospitality.

Tourism is an economic sector of first importance to the France. Indeed, the weight of tourism in the gross domestic product (GDP) is estimated at 6.2% in 2007. It is a figure based on the estimation of tourist consumption in France. Foreign tourists do one third of this consumption. Tourism is the first contributor sector in foreign trade of France, with a surplus of 12.8 billion euros in 2007. With 5.6 million beds, the France has the largest merchant tourist accommodation in Europe. Alongside the traditional merchant accommodations, which are hotels, campsites and villas or apartments, we have seen the development in France of new categories: tourist homes and residences hotel, holiday villages, cottages and bed & breakfasts, love hotel, all inclusive hotel, wacky concept of hotel. In France the past two decades have been marked by the development of hotel chains: in twenty years, the number of rooms belonging to chains tripled (end of 2007, 40% of the rooms belongs to chain hotels). Hotels franchises are those that are the most developed, contributing strongly to the development of chain hotels. On the other hand, purely independent hotels are in decline. Offering only 25 rooms on average, the occupancy rate is 56% on average, which is much lower than chain hotels (on average, 79 rooms with an occupancy rate of 69% in 2007). Another phenomenon going hand in hand with the development of hotel chain in France, the growth of the number of 4-star hotels and hotels not starred. Regardless of the tourist area (city, countryside, coastline, mountain), the share of the 3 rooms and 4 stars increases in hotel facilities.

Now that we have seen the hospitality industry with the regional and national aspect; we can now have a look at the global and international hospitality industry. International tourism experienced a spectacular development since the 1950s. It became one of the first exporting sectors of the world, with energy and capital goods sectors. The barometer of global tourism of the United Nations World Tourism Organization estimated 113 million the number of international arrivals in 1965. The year 2007 exceeded expectations, with arrivals reaching the unprecedented level of 900 million, either a multiplication by eight in 40 years.

In 2007, the growth of the economy and tourism are taken by emerging markets and developing economies. If the markets long established as Europe remain the first destinations of the world, the faster growth of new markets is confirmed in developing countries. On the 56 million recorded in 2007 worldwide additional arrivals, Europe welcomed 22 million and Asia-Pacific, 17 million, the Americas earned 6 million, 3 million Africa and the Middle East 6 million. Across the world, growth exceeds the average of long-term; the Middle East is located at the top of the rankings (+ 16%), followed by Asia-Pacific (+ 10%), Africa (+ 7%), the Americas (+ 5%) and Europe (+ 5%).

We have seen the hospitality industry with a geographical aspect, now we will see in which part the hospitality industry is divided. The hospitality industry is divided into several sectors: accommodation, catering, tourism, and recreation.

In this world of hospitality we can find the accommodation in many forms such as: tourist homes and residences hotels (all kind of hotels such as palace, or also first necessity hotel), holiday villages, cottages, bed & breakfasts, love hotel,

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