Lieux Et Formes De Pouvoir

India is an emergent country, which its economies and population increase we can ask us this question: « Are all citizen in an equal footing in modern day India? » To answer this problematique, we can suggest this plan: inequalities among citizens and inequalities among men and women.

I) Inequalities among citizen

A) The caste system

Cast in India developed more than 3000 years ago, when the Hindu priest divide the society into 4 great hereditary social class. No one can change the cast in which he is born The Dalits who are the untouchable, are the lowest cast in India. They are not even member of a cast. Furthermore, Dalits have not right to practice certain jobs. They have right only to clean common graves, as well as to be cobbler. It is also necessary to know that people of different cast have no right to be married between them. On the other hand there is a superior class: the brahmman. They have privileges which the others don't have. Furthermore, they are in richer averages.

B) Gap between rich and poor

India is a contrasted country: On a one side, there are 55 billionaire, and on the other side 42% of the population live with less than 1 dollar a day: in India, there a no middle classes and peoples are often very poor or very rich. However, many poor people succeed in going up there company and improving them living conditions. That why India is a country in full development: in twenty years, the economy of India became more and more tertiary of 44% in 1990 as 62 in 2009. Nevertheless the Indian economy suffers from a major problem, the overpopulation: since 1940 there was a strong growth of the population, the number of inhabitants increased fourfold. For landing in this problem, the government in set up a politics of birth control. But in India, especially for the poor people, it is sometimes dramatic to have no boy. The birth of a girl is often bad perceived in this population, what entails a persecution of most of her.

II) Inequalities among men and women

A) The dowry tradition

The main causes of this persecution are the incapacity of women to work in this country and the dowry tradition. The dowry tradition consist in a gift from the bride's family to the husband's family To grant a raised dowry to his daughter allows to marry her to a more powerful family and so to obtain a social ascension, but few poor family can do this. If after the marriage the woman's family doesn’t keep its promise is the bride is subject to torture, and sometimes, even killed. This tradition make that have a girl is very expansive and deprive of his own dowry.

B) Gendercide

The dowry tradition in India urges to eliminate selectively girl at birth, this practice is called gendercide. In India 50 million girls disappeared in 3 generation (600 000 a years). In 2011, India counted only 940 girls for 1000 boys.

To answer the problematique, we can say that all citizens are not in an equal footing in modern day India because there are disparities between the various castes of the society, and within a caste, the disparities between men and women are very marked.

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