International politics and government

Global History :

Globalization : several features = interconnections, free movement, cooperation, interdependency/specialization, homogenization, international flow of capitals, instant communication, ideas

Means = internet cables/data storage, cheap flights, cargo ships, trains, satellites, standards, willingness

Problems = job losses, exploitation, self sufficiency, carbon emissions, loss of identity, outclose of resources, unfair competition

The first global world

Paris 1900: “exposition universelle”

• Technology intensive : clearly at the basis of our globalization, with the first industrial revolution and the use of steam machines and ships with also the invention of the telegraph and of the printer : easier to print in big quantities so information becomes cheaper  technology of communication

• Economically “integrated” : rise in the level of economic and financial integration of the World Econ, capital flows and capital mobility, tradae flows, tariffs and prices convergences and last a lot of Foreign Investments and Global Companies (producing global products for global markets)

Trade as capital mobility, grew a lot during the beginning of the globalization

Trade barriers of UK and US declined and thus increased free trade globally

A global product is a product that can be sold the same way everywhere regardless of a country’s culture or economy.

• Borderless : mass migration, routes of the world are more easily accessible

• Politically imperial and imperialist :

• Cosmopolitan : idea of cosmopolitanism  closely connected, globalization must be supported because it brings peace Ferdinand De Lesseps got used to the geopolitical tensions in the middle east and urged the people to stay together  can be done only by making people cooperate together (ex: Suez Canal)

But also…

• Undermining itself : world was so globalized that it became a problem : inequality, inequal distribution of wealth. Huge difference between the north and the south, unequal also inside the countries.In 1910 10% of the population had 90% of the global wealth concentrated. To a certain extent, migration solved the problem.

• Trade also a problem : in a long run it created huge inequalities because products that could be brought cheap and fast were mass imported and European farmers lost a lot. Tariffs then rose, protectionism etc  trade wars

• Countries of immigration : migrants started to become a problem for the stability of the country. Chinese first weren’t able to migrate

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