Étude sur la Réunion - en anglais

Réunion

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For other uses, see Reunion (disambiguation).

Réunion Island

Overseas region of France

Flag

Coat of arms

Country France

Prefecture

Saint-Denis, Réunion

Departments

1

Government

• President

Didier Robert

Area

• Total 2,511 km2 (970 sq mi)

Population (Jan. 2013)[1]

• Total 840,974

• Density 330/km2 (870/sq mi)

Time zone

RET (UTC+04)

ISO 3166 code

RE

GDP (2013)[2]

Ranked

Total €16.29 billion (US$21.57 bn)

NUTS Region

FR9

Website www.reunion.fr/en/

Réunion (French: La Réunion, IPA: [la ʁeynjɔ̃] ( listen); previously Île Bourbon) is a French island with a population of 840,974 inhabitants (as of January 2013[1]) located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) southwest of Mauritius, the nearest island.

Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France. Like the other overseas departments, Réunion is also one of the 27 regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic with the same status as those situated on the European mainland.

Réunion is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, is part of the Eurozone.[3]

Contents [hide]

1 History

2 Politics

3 Administrative divisions

3.1 Districts

4 Geography

4.1 Climate

5 Environment

5.1 Wildlife

6 Economy

7 Demographics

7.1 Historical population

7.2 Religion

7.3 Language

7.4 Public health

8 Culture

9 Transport

10 Media

10.1 Newspapers

10.2 Film

10.3 Television

10.4 Online media

11 See also

12 References

13 Bibliography

14 External links

History[edit]

10 cent. 1817 Isle de Bourbon

Before the arrival of the Portuguese in the early sixteenth century, there is little to Réunion's (also known as la réunion) recorded history.[4] Arab traders were familiar with it by the name Dina Morgabin.[5] The island is possibly featured on a map from 1153 AD by Al Sharif el-Edrisi.[6] The island may also have been visited by Swahili or Malay sailors.[4]

The first European discovery of the area was made around 1507 by Portuguese explorers, but the specifics are unclear. The uninhabited island may have been first sighted by the expedition led by Dom Pedro Mascarenhas, who gave his name to the island group around Réunion, the Mascarenes.[7] Réunion itself was dubbed Santa Apolónia after a favorite saint,[5] which suggests that the date of the Portuguese discovery may have been February 9, her saint day. Diogo Lopes de Sequeira is said to have landed on the islands of Reunion and Rodrigues in 1509.[6]

Over a century later, nominal Portuguese rule had left Santa Apolónia virtually untouched.[7] The island was then occupied by France and administered from Port Louis, Mauritius. Although the first French claims date from 1638, when François Cauche and Salomon Goubert visited in June 1638,[8] the island was officially claimed by Jacques Pronis of France in 1642, when he deported a dozen French mutineers to the island from Madagascar. The convicts were returned to France several years later, and in 1649, the island was named Île Bourbon after the House of Bourbon. Colonization started in 1665, when the French East India Company sent the first 20 settlers.

Statue of Mahé de La Bourdonnais in Saint-Denis

"Réunion" was the name given to the island in 1793 by a decree of the Convention with the fall of the House of Bourbon in France, and the name commemorates the union of revolutionaries from Marseille with the National Guard in Paris, which took place on 10 August 1792. In 1801, the island was renamed "Île Bonaparte", after Napoleon Bonaparte. The island was invaded by a Royal Navy squadron led by Commodore Josias Rowley in 1810, who used the old name of “Bourbon”. When it was restored to France by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the island retained the name of "Bourbon" until the fall of the restored Bourbons during the French Revolution of 1848, when the island was once again given the name “Réunion”.

From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, and Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. Starting from 1690, most of the immigrants from outside Europe were enslaved until 20 December 1848 when slavery was abolished. Afterwards, many of them were indentured workers. The

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