The commonwealth (document anglais)

CIVILISATION

The commonwealth is an organisation of country. Former British colonies. = 16 countries.

Independance of India : 1947

The Commonwealth of nations, the values are mostly democratie, freedom, gender equality, sustainble devlopment, international peace and security.

English is one of their official language. The queen is the head of the Commonwealth. She is also the head of the countries of the Commonwealth like Australia, Canada.. The general secretary, reelected in 2011 is an Indian, his name is Kamalesh Sharma, he is nominated during the summit by all the representative countries belong to the summit.

Frame work common values and goals which are in the 1971 Singapour declaration of Commonwealth.

Namibia, Zimbabwe, Seychelles, south africa. South africa left Commonwealth in 1984 and reintegrated in the commonwealth in 1994, Zimbabwe was suspended 2002 because he didn't respect the principles of the organisation.

a) Has the UK always been a country of immigration ?

Immigrants have long been present in the UK since the 8th century with de Vikings, then the Normans (11th century), in the Middle Ages, the Wallons, in the 16th , 17th and early 18th centuries, protestants from Europe and also Irish being since the 17th century a constant flow of workers.

In the 19th and 20th centuries immigration from central Europe (After WW2) and Asian and Caribbean countries

b) What is different today ?

Not only the numbers are different, but also the qualification, high skilled workers come to the UK from South Africa, Australia as well as refugees from Asia, Africa...

c) How has UK's government reacted towards this immigration ?

In the 1960s 1970s, the restrictions transformed the immigration targeting of dark skinned poeple who were colonial and former colonial subjects. Since the 1990s, the government has targeted immigrants claiming political asylum.

Since 2001 the government has encouraged a certain kind of immigration in order to promote a certain economic growth.

In 2004 the UK was one of the 3 o,lu countries not to place restrictions on the movement of the population from the new EU member states.

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