Etude Pérou en Anglais

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Introduction        2

Geographic        3

History        5

Inca Period        5

Colonial and independence period        6

The 20th century        7

The 21st century        8

Culture        8

Cultures component        8

Flag        8

Aesthetic        9

Daily life and social customs        10

Every day        10

In the business        11

Languages spoken        12

Religions practiced        13

Demographics        14

Population        14

Life conditions        15

Politics        19

Peruvian juridical system        20

Economic situation        21

Global view        21

The Labour Market        24

The economic keys        25

Exports and imports        26

Investment        28

Global analysis        28

Canada relation analyse        29

Forecasts        30

Conclusion        32

References        33

History        33

Culture        33

Demographic        33

Politic and Juridical        33

Economic        33

General information        33

Introduction

        I chose to write my worksheet about Peru for several purposes. Indeed, I wanted to talk about this country because I travelled here two years ago and I loved my trip. I think also I knew better this country that another and I could illustrate with my pictures so it was a good topic for me.

Moreover, Peru isn’t a simple choice of predilection; it is a country with a rich history (Incas, Spanish invasion, conflict with terrorism and government…).

This country isn’t a great political or economic power but it tries to increase its exports and to improve its international relation.

Its internal policy is interesting because it has undergone several dictatorships or democracies that don’t work to finally regain some political and economic balance.

Geographic

Peru is a country located in South America more specifically on the West Coast. Around it there are Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil and Bolivia to the east, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.[pic 6]

With 1,285,216 square kilometers, it is the third largest country in South America after the Brazil and the Colombia. We can split Peru into three parts like the map bellow: the Coastline in pale pink, the Sierra in brown and the Selva in green where the cultural and natural characteristics are different.[pic 7][pic 8]

The Coastline is located to the Peruvian coast which with 2,414 square km follows the Pacific Ocean. Despite certain coastal microclimate, this region is mainly arid like we can say on the picture next to test. Moreover, the capital, Lima, is located in this part. [pic 9]

The North of the Coastline is greener with tropical savannah, mangrove swamps and dry forests. It is called the Selva. According to the U.S. Library of Congress’ Country Studies website, 63 percent of the national territory is covered by the Selva but it contains only 11 percent of the country's population. With the exception of large cities such as Iquitos, Pucallpa and Puerto Maldonado, settlements within the low Amazon tend to be small and isolated. Nearly all jungle settlements are located on a riverbank or on the banks of an oxbow lake. This part on the country and its habitants are threatened by the deforestation and the increase of risks for their health due to extraction of mining and oil production. [pic 10][pic 11]

The Sierra or the Peruvian Highlands is a mountain region which is famous because there is Andes Mountain. The Andes Cordillera is the longest continental mountain of the world with 7.000 km long and the highest peak, Aconcagua rise to 6.982 m. It is also the region of a famous lake: Titicaca. It is the largest lake in South America and the highest navigable lake in the world. It is located between Peru and Bolivia. This lake is also famous for this reed floating island where many people live. [pic 12][pic 13]

History

Peru has a rich history. Indeed, it was the cradle of Inca Empire of 1200 at 1572. But before that, Peru was the location of pre-Columbian people. The first habitants were hunters who live in cavern. The oldest place, Pikimachay cavern dated of 12 000 before JC. Then, the population evolved such as the Nazca, the Paracas and the Wari integrating the fishing, the agriculture at their lifestyle.

Inca Period

Let us return on the part of history, the most famous and may be the most interesting of Peru, the Inca Empire. This Empire was based on the worship        of the Sun. Indeed, the Incan emperors were considered like the sons of Sun God. At this time, it was a theocracy based on the agriculture, the Sun God, and organized by a rigid social structure formal: the castes.  The mighty Inca was the equal of a god and below of him in decreasing order there was the royal family and the aristocracy, the imperial administrators and the little gentry. Then, there were the artisans and farmers. Like all castles, it was impossible to change of castles and especially in this one. It was determined by their skull shape. From the birth to the adolescence of their children, the parents modelled their skulls using wood clamp according to their castes. For example, the king’s skull-shaped was square, triangular for a soldier and sharp for a peasant.[pic 14][pic 15]

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