Types et moyens de communication

Outline

I- Main Concept

1-Definition

2-Types of communication

- Verbal communication

- Non-verbal communication

- Formal communication

- Informal communication

3-Means of communication

- Newspapers

- Radio

- Television

- Internet

II-Business communication

1-Good Communication, Good Business?

2-Types of business communication

- Internal communication

- External communication

III-Conclusion

Introduction:

Communication is the key to evolution. Communication in itself has evolved, ever since it has been known to the living specie. However, it was humans who revolutionized communication. Today, communication has gone from individual levels of conversing to mass communication.

Forms of communication evolved as the human brain developed and became more receptive to the sounds and the events around him. Over a period of time, the historic records will show you that forms of communication have evolved very gradually, be it written, oral or pictorial communication.

Few areas of academic study have attracted so much attention as that of interpersonal communication. In recent years there has been a deluge of research studies in this field. The reasons for this were aptly summarised by Wiemann : “our ability to create and sustain our social world depends in large measure on how well we communicate”. People’s social skills are crucial to their well-being—individually and collectively. The importance of understanding skilled behavior in all its complexities cannot be overstated. Studies have shown a clear and positive relationship between effective interpersonal skills and a range of benefits such as greater happiness in life, resilience to stress and psychosocial problems, and enhanced academic and professional achievements (Hargie & Dickson, 2004).

I- Main Concept

1-Definition:

• Communication is the activity of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people information. (oxford dictionary)

• Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another.

• Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver.

However, communication is not just a process. It's an art of first listening or reading the information, comprehending it, processing it and then transferring it. There is a huge amount of effort that goes into communication. Gesticulations, voice modulation, body language and the spoken language are some of the important aspects of communication. If the other person is unable to comprehend any of these factors of communication, then the process of communication fails.

Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit. Many of the problems that occur in an organization are the either the direct result of people failing to communicate and/or processes, which leads to confusion and can cause good plans to fail.

2-Types of communication:

 Verbal communication:

Communication is at the heart of any relationship, be it familial, business, romantic, or friendly. While there have been significant advances in how we understand body language and other forms of communication, verbal communication continues to be the most important aspect of our interaction with other people. It’s important to understand both the benefits and shortcomings of this most basic communication.

Advantages of verbal communication:

In a world flooded with E-mail and other text-based communication, verbal communication has several advantages over other forms of communication. For example, we can slow down and present points one-by-one and make sure that each point is clearly communicated and understood before moving on to the next point. This can greatly increase both the speed and accuracy of communication.

Verbal communication is far more precise than non-verbal cues. No matter how clear we believe we are being, different gestures have different interpretations between different cultures and even between two members of the same culture. One famous example is Richard Nixon’s use of the victory finger salute in Australia, as he was unaware that the gesture was a vulgarity there. However, verbal communication is most effective when combined with other forms of communication like body language and gestures to help cue the intensity of the verbiage.

Verbal communication is also the most effective way of explaining intangible concepts, as problem areas can be readily addressed and explained. Verbal communication also does not use natural resources in the way that technological methods or printing can.

Disadvantages of verbal communication:

Of course, this does not mean that verbal communication is the best option in every circumstance. From a legal point of view, verbal communication is sometimes problematic because there is a much smaller chance of an objective record. Verbal communication can also be quickly forgotten, especially if there are multiple points to consider. Additionally, there is always the possibility of miscommunications leading to angry responses or quick escalation of a situation that could be less intense in written form.

Four purposes of communication:

There are four basic purposes for communication. Almost all of these purposes are better served through verbal communication than other options like E-Mail or print.

• First,

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