Virginia

Virginia is the tenth State in the USA. English is the official language of the state of Virginia since 1981[].The Virginia is a State of the United States. Historically attached to the Southern United States, its current capital is Richmond. It is adjacent to the north of the Maryland and the District of Columbia, to the south, of the North Carolina and the Tennessee, in the west, of the Kentucky and the West Virginia, and is bordered to the east by the Chesapeake Bay and theAtlantic Ocean.

Her name comes from the Queen Elizabeth the first from England known as the Virgin Queen because she never married. The Virginia Colony, founded on 14 May 1607, is administered by the London Company Until 1624 then became a royal colony. It establishes its prosperity on the plantations and trade of the Tobacco. Around 1770, Virginia was one of the first colonies to challenge British guardianship. Several Virginians played a major role in the War of Independence, at the forefront of which figure George Washington. It is known as the "Old Dominion" (The Old Dominion) or as the "Mother of Presidents" (Mother of Presidents), because eight Presidents Americans were born there.

On the political front, Virginia, Confederate state During the Civil War, ranks in the conservative regions of the South, although the state is disputed between the Republicans and the Democrats[2].

Virginia is placed at 35e Rank of American States for its area and at 12e Rank for its population, with more than 8 million inhabitants. The most populous city is Virginia Beach. The most populous county is the Fairfax In the north and the most extensive city is the Suffolk, which includes a large part of the Big Gloomy swamp. The majority of the population is of European origin, in particular in northern Europe, but more than a fifth is made up of African American. The first religion is the Baptist.

Today, the Virginia economy is diversified: it is based on federal and military jobs in the north and Hampton Road, which have the largest office building and the largest naval base in the world respectively. The historic Triangle of Colonial Virginia (Historic Triangle of Colonial Virginia In)) includes Jamestown, Yorktown and Williamsburg, which attracts thousands of tourists. The urban network is connected by the third largest highway network in the country[

History

Virginia was discovered in 1584 by the English sailor Walter Raleigh. He sends men to recognize the North American coast. They arrive at the height of the Outer Banks, visit the Roanoke Island and Hatteras Islands and along the coast in the direction of the North to the South of the Chesapeake Bay. That's when they call the region bordered "Virginia". Before leaving for Europe, they get permission to bring with them two Croatans, with the intention of transcribing and learn their language to allow the settlers to better communicate with the natives during the next expeditions. A year later, Walter Raleigh sends a second expedition. These bring settlers taking possession of the Roanoke Island. In 1586, the settlers faced the rigors of colonization in the region, decided to take advantage of the passage of the English privateer Francis Drake to return to Europe. In 1587, third expedition sent by Walter Raleigh. In 1590, English named John White will find more no settlers on the island, and anything else that the inscription 'Crotoan' left on a tree. In 1607, a group of English colonists sent by the King of England James I, arrives at the entrance of the Chesapeake Bay. They give their current names to the two capes of Virginia that enclose the entrance to the Bay: Cape Henry to the South and Cape Charles to the North. Once inside the Bay, they go up the first River facing the entrance, they called James River, and established a colony called Jamestown on an island in its left bank. This island still exists today and is located south of the city of Williamsburg. After a period of dramatic establishment related to the difficult land nature and conflicts with the "Indians" the colony eventually settle permanently through the culture of tobacco. In 1609, the colony had lost more than 80 percent of its members. From 1617, the colony begins to thrive and survive until the end of the 17th century. August 20, 1619, Dutch boats landed at Jamestown: the first 20 workers black, sometimes as slaves. But it is more probably "committed" to working hours. Between 1640 and 1680, the population of the State, governed by William Berkeley grows fast, from 5,000 to more than 40,000 inhabitants when "riders", gentlemen remained loyal to the King Charles Ier in England, landed in the 1640s with those of the King and their servants as a result of the war between supporters of Cromwell. These "jumpers" deeply marked Virginia. It is in 1660, as slavery, already practical, is officially legalized after the restoration of the Catholic monarchy, the dynasty Stuart, with Charles II, son of Charles Ier, which gives back to William Berkeley the governance of the territory, especially that great Catholic planters friends, from Barbados, such as colonel Benjamin Berringer, or John Yeamans, moved slightly to the South to found Carolina and a bit to the North to form the New Jersey. On slavery 1662 Virginia law, enacted a year after the Barbados slave Code, stipulates that a slave can give birth to slaves, to thwart the Jurisprudence Elizabeth Key and prevent interbreeding, a text written in the same time as the Code of the slaves of Barbados, who will inspire 23 more late the black Code. It is one of the thirteen colonies who founded the United States playing a leading role. Four of the first five presidents of the United States came from Virginia (Washington, Madison, Monroe et Jefferson). In June 1776, the declaration of independence of Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, a pioneer of American independence, complete the constitution of Virginia. This statement serves as a model for the declaration of independence of the United States from July 4, 1776. In 1784, Virginia gives way to the United States Territories North of the Ohio to the development to the West according to the system of the townships. In 1787, the editor of the Constitution of the United States, James Madison, also a native of Virginia, will become the fourth president of the United States. Virginia was the first State in the South who adopted the custom of Thanksgiving. . In 1862, during the civil war, Virginia is part of the southern States slavery, hostile to president Lincoln, who decide to secede from the Union. Richmond became the capital of the Confederate States. However, the counties in the western part of the State refuse to leave the Union. They separate from the rest of the State and become the Virginia Western, whose existence is endorsed by a decision of the supreme court in 1870.

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