Dénombrables et indénombrables
Cours : Dénombrables et indénombrables. Recherche parmi 300 000+ dissertationsPar huhnuh • 25 Janvier 2022 • Cours • 7 896 Mots (32 Pages) • 392 Vues
Le nom : le nombre
Petit contrôle de TD (5e semaine ?) + QCM (20min) + contrôle continu + interrogation écrite (13e semaine avant exams finaux)
Dénombrables et indénombrables :
Les dénombrables : On peut les compter, pluriel possible, article indéfini possible au singulier, la plupart des nombres concrets.
Exemples:
*A company => companies.
*An idea => several ideas
Les indénombrables : On ne peut pas les compter, pas de pluriel, on ne peut pas les faire précéder par un article indéfini.
Exemple:
*Would you like some rice?
Singuliers
La plupart des noms abstraits : freedom/ anger/ laziness
Les noms d’activités humaines : football/ cooking/ English
Les noms de matière et d’aliments : water, bread, wood, iron, soap, paper
Exemples :
*Travel (le/les voyages) => a travel agency, a trip (général), a journey (trajet). I made a beautiful trip to the USA. Did you have a good journey?
*Leisure (les loisirs) => a hobby, a leisure activity
* Work, job => I have a lot of work to do. This summer, I found a job at McDonald’s.
* bread: could you please buy me some bread/ 3 loaves of bread? (a loaf)
*toast: would you like some toast? => yes, please I’d like 3 pieces of toast.
*soap: I’d like some soap / 3 bars of soap.
*paper: Could you give me some paper/ 2 sheets of paper
Certains noms à valeur globale (dont la plupart correspondent en FR à des noms dénombrables pluriels) : advice (conseils), information, furniture (meuble), luggage (bagages), news, evidence (preuves)
Exemples:
*I need some advice => Let me give you a good piece of advice
*How much luggage do you have? => I have pieces of luggage to register
*Could you please find some information about him? => They bought 2 new pieces of furniture.
REMARQUE : certains noms indénombrables singulier ne peuvent pas s’employer avec l’expression “a piece of” :
Progress (le/les progress): The progress of the science. The student has made some progress this year
A step forward, a breakthrough (un progress, une avancée/percée technologique): The invention of internet is a red breakthrough
Business (les affaires):
to strike a deal (conclure une affaire, un contrat)
A bargain (une bonne affaire): This car was cheap, it was a real bargain.
[Attention : a business (une affaire=une entreprise) =nom dénombrable régulier Pluriel=businesses: He has opened 3 small businesses in honk-kong]
Damage (les dégats): How much damage did you have?
[ différent damages (dommages et interest): I had a lot of damage so i clained for damages]
Transport (les transports) : public transport / transportation
a means of transport (singulier): The bus remains an expensive means of transport. Train is an expensive nears of transport
Hair (les cheveux, la chevelure/ la coiffure) : Hair is too long you should cut it (Attention il est singulier)
2 blond hair (pluriel) : You’ve got 2 blond hair on your shoulder
Les indénombrables pluriels
Choses composées nécessairement de 2 parties symétriques
Outils et instruments :
« On holydays, I always take 2 pairs of glasses.”
*Scissors
A pair of *Glasses: “Where are my glasses?”
*Pliers (tenaille/ pince)
Vêtements:
*Trousers/ pants/ slacks “your trousers are too short)
*Jeans “I need a new pair of jeans”
*Shorts
*Pyjamas (GB)/ pajamas (US) “your pyjamas are too warm”
*Overalls (blouse de travail)
Autres mots: (tjr pluriels)
*Clothes (les vêtements) :“a piece/an article of clothing”, “a garmest”
*Contents (le contenu)
*Customs (la douane): “where are the customs?”
*Goods (marchandises)
*Morals (moralité)
*Stairs (escaliers): “these stairs are dangerous”
*Wages (le salaire): “what are the wages?”
Singulier/ Pluriel
La formation du pluriel (pour les noms dénombrables)
Règles de base (voir polycope).
Pour certains mots, il n’y a pas de distinction entre sing et plur ds la forme. Ce sont des noms denombrables mais invariables :
Certains mots sont invariables au pluriel (ne prennent pas de -s)
Certains noms d’animaux: «this sheep is too cute// last night I counted 100 sheep before falling asleep.
*Fish/ deer : “I caught fish”
Autres mots:
*aircraft: “Airbus sold 3 commercials aircraft to China.
Certains mots ont déjà un -s au singulier
* means (=way): « We must find a means of making to talk/ speak
*series, pieces: “for next week, please do this series of exercises.
*crossroads, works: “this crossroads is dangerous”, “these crossroads are dangerous”, “They have just built a new steelworks in my city” (usine)
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