Notion Spaces and exchanges : what are the causes and consequences of the american immigration over time ?

The notion "Spaces and exchanges" deals with the geographical and symbolic areas that all societies occupy and the interactions between men and different societies. Our world is built on the exploration and conquest of new spaces. By this conquest of new spaces, we can have many differents cultures with the languages, traditions, religions etc..

I'm going to speak about immigration in America which is very important. In effect, when the first English settlers reached the New World, over 40 million people have migrated to the United States. All Americans are immigrants or children of immigrants. Even indians are not really an excpetion because some anthropologists believe that the Indians themselves were immigrants from another continent. So we will study ourselves on this question: What are the causes and consequences of the american Immigration over time ? Firstly, we will look at the history, the causes and the past of this immigration, we will ask who immigrates, how and why especially with the example of Ellis Island, finally we will talk about the politic and the conflicts around this subject in America.

Immigration started in 1492. The first wave of immigration took place in the sixteenth century, the country of origin of immigrants was Spain and they settled in Florida, Mexico and the Carribean. The second wave of immigration took place in the seventeenth century and the countries of origin were England, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Africa, it's not said in the documentary where they settled.

The African immigrants came as captives on slave ships. America is a multiethnic, multicultural country. One third of soldiers in George Washington's revolutionary army were born overseas. Also, the chineses were a lot to immigrate between 1860 and 1880, but the Americans hated them because according to them: they stole the americans work. In fact, they were very useful for the constructions of many things for the country. Now we will see the actors and the reasons of this american immigration.

The migrants who wants migrate to U.S.A come from differents places in the world.

The best known examples are the Mexicans, Chineses or Europeans. In the majority of cases, they immigrate in order to run away from their country because they don't have the life which they want to have in their country of origin. It can be the poverty, a politic too terrible, a way of life that does not suit them or the lack of work. It's that happened for chineses, they have a big lack of work in China, so, as it suited Americans, they wanted to welcome chineses for their competences to build rairoads.

But the conditions of immigration were and still are often unpleasants. In effect, many of them are poor and it needs lot of time to can cross the borders of U.S.A. During the waiting time, many of them can not eat their fill and are not treated well. The most famous exemple of migrants camp in U.S.A is Ellis Island. Ellis Island was nicknamed "Island of Hope, Island of Tears" because immigrants experienced different feeling on this island. The document "Don't send me back"  proves the fear that migrants can feel in this Island. It's the story of Jacob who is hurt in his leg and has the fear of being refused to enter in U.S.A. In effect not many migrants can enter, after a long unfair to wait, they can be deny if they're not in a good shape or something else. But despite his fear and his hurt, he wins the sympathy of the doctor who accepts to let enter Jacob. Since the foundation of Ellis Island, one hundred million of immigrants have trough there. Many documents can show the terrible life of immigrants in Ellis Island or Angel island and the bad conditions they have. But, a big part of this immigration is related to politics.

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