Matériaux et composants de la chaise

It is necessary to introduce first of all the notion of materials. We can assimilate it to a substance, a material which combines a set of material elements intended to intervene in the construction of a made object.

We can distinguish 3 larges category :

- organic which includes the vegetable and the animal

- mineral materials

- The materials of synthesis create by the man with chemical processes

The choice of the materials or realization process for a technic solution varies between : the shapes of pieces , production method , proprieties of materials and this cost .

Until the 19th century, the chair was a symbol of fortune and few have the means to make it create by craftsmen. So, before the industrial revolution we found almost exclusively the wood because the wood appears as the most multi-purpose, accessible and renewable material of the resources available on our planet. Of rustic aspect it is during the Renaissance that more curved forms appear to answer a need for comfort. The filling with the fabric and the hair appears then.

In view of the evolution of the chair production in particular the vocation in 21 e century to produce in big series, at the industrial level. Just like the Austrian Michaël Thonet who managed to conjugate quantity and quality. The industrial product dresses new materials as the plastic, the concrete or the steel.

For example in 1926, Marcel Breuer imagines the chair Wassily in tube of chromed steel and revolutionizes the traditional principles of construction as structure, but also as esthetic material.

Then in 1960, mythical Panton Chair de Verner arisen from the development of the plastic: it is the first plastic chair made all in one piece. Panton uses the techniques of molding of materials of synthesis ABS.

So no material seems to oppose the manufacturing of the chair: Thus we can quote the wood, the Plexiglas, the marble, the brass, the toughened glass, the copper, the rattan, the materials of synthesis, …

Paper Chair is a monolithic block dug and drilled in its superior face and established by paper sheet flattened and cut in the laser.

The advent of Eco design is visible also in the furniture of the everyday life. Organic Chair of Kartell with plant waste which, with the addition of microorganisms, form a biomass similar to the plastic

So materials and consequently the chair develops by being supported on the innovation technological as the 3D printer which remains a manufacturing process of the most recent

New materials, new composites, renewed use, diverted use and of random techniques, sensitive to heat, to memory of form, new techniques of customization of products and same possible modification of their aspect according to the user.

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