Anglais: Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a southern state of the United States. It is bordered to the north by Colorado and Kansas, to the east by Missouri and Arkansas, to the west by New Mexico and to the south by the Texas of which it is separated by the Red River of the South. With a population estimated at 3 642 361 inhabitants in 2008 [5] and an area of ​​177 847 km2 [6], Oklahoma is the 28th most populous state and the 20th largest of the Federation. The name of the state comes from the words chactas okla and humma, meaning "red people" [7]; Oklahoma is also known by its nickname The Sooner State. Formed by the unification of the Territory of Oklahoma and the Indian Territory, it became the 46th State of the United States on 16 November 1907. Its inhabitants are called Oklahomans (Okie pejoratively) and Oklahoma City is its capital as well as the most populated city.

Oklahoma's economy is diversified: the primary sector is based on agriculture, natural gas and oil production, which has been particularly important since shale gas production (by 2015, the oil sector accounts for 20% of jobs Of the state and two thirds of jobs created since 2010 [8]). Other activities are aeronautics, telecommunications and biotechnology [9]. Before the economic crisis of 2008-2009, the State was experiencing one of the strongest economic growth of the country [10], [11]. Oklahoma City and Tulsa are the two main urban centers, with almost 60% of the population living in these two metropolitan areas [12]. Oklahoma is particularly dynamic in the areas of education and health. Its biggest universities participate in the main sports associations (NCAA and NAIA).

Most of Oklahoma belongs to the Great Plains with varied landscapes of prairie, medium mountains and forests to the east. The climate is marked by violent phenomena such as tornadoes [13]. According to the US Census Bureau, many people claim to have descended from German, Irish, British and Amerindian ancestors. More than 25 Amerindian languages ​​are spoken, the record of all American states [14]. Oklahoma is at the crossroads of several cultural areas. It belongs to the Bible Belt where the success of evangelical Christianity makes it one of the most conservative states. The identity of the state rests on a living folklore (rodeo, western, country, Amerindian cultures).

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