Les liens logiques de la phrase anglaise

Chapitre 7: Les liens logiques de la phrase

I/ Contraste et similarité

A) similarité 

1) « Like »:

- + forme nominale

He works in Paris like my brother/ like me.
A flat like yours/ this one would be ideal.

Exception: The consider/ regard/ look upon + as their rivals

Such as: s’emploie avec une série d’exemples. remplace « Tels que »

Several firms, such as IBM and General Motors, are cutting jobs

2) « As »:

- + forme verbale

As you know, I don’t agree with him
Why don’t you come by bus like me/ as I do

- + groupe prépositionnel

We can’t deal with foreign customers as with French ones.
As in the first chapter, …

As + nom = équivalence = en tant
Like + nom = comparaison/ similarité

He works as a slave/ like a slave.

B) Contraste

1) Traduction de « contrairement à »

- « unlike » + forme nominale

Unlike John she isn’t efficient.

- « contrary to » + what..

Contrary to what they had announced, …

2) Traduction de « alors que »

-« whereas » /(while)

He is self-employed, whereas/while his brother is a civil servant.

II) Simultanéité temporelle

While = pendant que
As = alors que/ tandis que, comme, au moment où

While she was doing her homework, went shopping.
As I was jogging, it began to rain.
I saw him as he was coming out of the shops.

Alors que l’europe commerciale se construit les firmes françaises essayent de conquérir les marches communautaires= ascommercial europe is building up

Nous partirons dès que tu seras prête= We leave as soon as you are ready

III) Cause et consequence

A) La cause

1) Parce que = because

2) Car = for

Don’t send it, for it will be too late any way.

3) Dans la mesure où = insofar as

Insofar as everyone is concerned, we should all be warned.

4) Etant donné que/ Comme = since/as / given that

Since as I’m under 18, I cannot vote.

As/ since I don’t have my car could you please drive me home.

B) La conséquence

1) Ainsi = thus (relation de conséquence)

Tell him the truth; thus, he won’t say he didn’t know.

2) Si bien que = « …, so that »

It rained all the afternoon, so that they had to cancel the match.

His car broke down, so that he arrived late.

IV) Le but

A) Même sujet dans 2 propositions 

I did that to surprise her
           so as to surprise her
           in order to surprise her

Attention: but négatif

They decided to cut production so as not to hire/ in order not to/ not to hire new employees.

B) Changement de sujet: so that + modal 

1) So that + may/ might       (but positif)
             + can/ could  

I stayed home with the baby so that my wife could/ might go to the cinema.

2) So that + should (but négatif)

I locked the phone so that he shouldn’t use it.
I warned him so that he should be careful.

He left quickly so that nobody should ask whim questions.

The doctor talked in medical terms, so that I did’nt fully understand. (conséquence)

Vs

The doctor talked in medical terms so that I shouldn’t fully understand.( but, afin que)intentionalité le médecin cherche à cacher quelque chose


V) La supposition et la condition

A) If vs Whether

Do you knonw whether he placed the order (or not)?

Si je peux mettre « or not » je mets « whether ».
They can’t tell him whether they will keep him (or not).

B) Condition nécessaire

1) « à condition que » = provided (providing) / so long
You can take my car so long as you bring it at tomorrow

2) à moins que/ sauf si = unless
Unless I get the parcel tomorrow, I’ll cancel my order.

VI) Concession

1) Malgré + nom = inspire of/ despite
In spite of the drop-in sales, we have made profits.

2) Bien que + verbe = although
Although sales have dropped, we have made profits.

3) Cependant/ Pourtant = However/ (And) yet/  Nevertheless
There has been a drop in sales; and yet/ however, we have made profits.

VII) Traduction de « EN + Part. Pst »

1) Manière: by + ing

He earns his living by giving private lessons.

2) Simultaneité : while + ing

She often irons while watching TV.

3) Simultaneité courte (+cause): on + ing

On hearing the news, he fainted.
On setting off the train, he broke his leg.

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